house, and assemblies in foreign fineries, which they never will
pay for; the kingdom would not be the worse.
Some persons of a desponding spirit are in great concern
about that vast number of poor people, who are aged, diseased,
or maimed, and I have been desired to employ my thoughts
what course may be taken, to ease the nation of so grievous an
encumbrance. But I am not in the least pain upon that matter,
because it is very well known, that they are every day dying, and
rotting, by cold, and famine, and filth, and vermin,
37
as fast as
can be reasonably expected. And as to the younger laborers they
are now in almost as hopeful
38
a condition. They cannot get
work, and consequently pine away for want of nourishment, to a
degree, that if at any time they are accidentally hired to common
labor, they have not strength to perform it, and thus the country
and themselves are in a fair way
39
of being soon delivered from
the evils to come.
I have too long digressed, and therefore shall return to my
subject. I think the advantages by the proposal which I have made
are obvious and many as well as of the highest importance.
For first, as I have already observed, it would greatly lessen
the number of papists, with whom we are yearly overrun, being
the principal breeders of the nation, as well as our most danger-
ous enemies, and who stay at home on purpose with a design to
deliver the kingdom to the Pretender, hoping to take their advan-
tage by the absence of so many good Protestants,
40
who have
chosen rather to leave their country, than stay at home, and pay
tithes
41
against their conscience, to an idolatrous Episcopal curate.
170
180
190
A Modest Proposal 133
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
37. vermin n. pl.: pests such as lice, fleas, and bedbugs.
38. hopeful adj.: actually, hopeless. Swift is using the word with
intentional irony.
39. are in a fair way: have a good chance.
40. good Protestants: that is, in Swift’s view, bad Protestants, because
they object to the Church of Ireland’s bishops and regard them as
“idolatrous.”
41. tithes (t¢
‚
z) n. pl.: monetary gifts to the church equivalent to one
tenth of each donor’s income.
The word encumbrance (line
176) means “a burden, a
hindrance, or a weight.”
Re-read lines 172–185. Why
isn’t the speaker concerned
about the great number of
other poor people in Ireland?
Underline that information.
digressed (d¢·grest√) v.:
wandered off the subject.
The speaker lists the
“advantages” of his proposal
one by one. As you read lines
189–231, circle the word
or phrase at the beginning
of each paragraph that
reveals the text’s pattern of
organization. Then, under-
line the “benefit” of each
of the six proposals.
deference to so excellent a friend, and so deserving a patriot, I
cannot be altogether in his sentiments, for as to the males, my
American acquaintance assured me from frequent experience,
that their flesh was generally tough and lean, like that of our
schoolboys, by continual exercise, and their taste disagreeable,
and to fatten them would not answer the charge. Then as to the
females, it would, I think with humble submission,
31
be a loss to
the public, because they soon would become breeders them-
selves: And besides it is not improbable that some scrupulous
people might be apt to censure such a practice (although indeed
very unjustly) as a little bordering upon cruelty, which, I confess,
hath always been with me the strongest objection against any
project, how well soever intended.
But in order to justify my friend, he confessed that this
expedient was put into his head by the famous Sallmanaazor,
32
a native of the island Formosa, who came from thence to
London, above twenty years ago, and in conversation told my
friend, that in his country when any young person happened to
be put to death, the executioner sold the carcass to persons of
quality, as a prime dainty, and that, in his time, the body of a
plump girl of fifteen, who was crucified for an attempt to poison
the emperor, was sold to his imperial majesty’s prime minister
of state, and other great mandarins
33
of the court, in joints
34
from the gibbet,
35
at four hundred crowns. Neither indeed can
I deny, that if the same use were made of several plump young
girls in this town, who, without one single groat to their fortunes,
cannot stir abroad without a chair,
36
and appear at the play-
150
160
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
31. with humble submission: with all due respect to those who hold
such opinions.
32. Sallmanaazor: George Psalmanazar (c. 1679–1763), a Frenchman who
pretended to be from Formosa, an old Portuguese name for Taiwan.
His writings were fraudulent.
33. mandarins (man√d¥·rinz) n. pl.: officials. The term comes from
mandarim, the Portuguese word describing high-ranking officials
in the Chinese Empire, with which the Portuguese traded.
34. joints n. pl.: large cuts of meat, including the bone.
35. gibbet (jib√it) n.: gallows.
36. chair n.: sedan chair; a covered seat carried by servants.
deference (def√¥r·¥ns) n.:
respect.
scrupulous (skrº√py¥·l¥s)
adj.: extremely careful and
precise in deciding what is
right or wrong.
censure (sen√◊¥r) v.: condemn;
blame.
expedient (ek·sp≤√d≤·¥nt) n.:
convenient means to an end.
Pause at line 166, and read
footnote 32. How trustworthy
a source is Sallmanaazor?
Why do you think Swift uses
his ideas as an example?
Sallmanaazor was
exposed as a fraud;
as a source he is not
trustworthy. Swift
deliberately cites him
to make it clear his
proposal is outrageous.
132
Collection 4: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century
Part 1