South Dakota 4-H
Communications Project Guidelines
Page 2
Table of Contents
How to do 4-H Public Presentations ..........3
What is a Presentation? ........................3
Why Should You Give A Public Presentation? .......3
Getting Started ...........................4
So What Do You Talk About? ....................4
Learn More About Your Subject ..................4
Develop A Plan ..............................4
Types of Presentations .....................5
Demonstrations ..............................5
Illustrated Talks...............................5
Public Speaking ..............................5
Team Demonstrations or Illustrated Talks...........6
Presentation Parts.........................6
Outline Of A Presentation.......................6
The Title ....................................6
The Introduction ..............................6
Body ......................................7
Demonstration and Illustrated Talk ................7
Public Speaking ..............................7
Summary or Conclusion........................7
Tips for Setting Up ........................8
Showmanship – Mechanics of Presenting .....8
Appearance .................................8
Eye Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Body Language/Posture/Movement...............8
Voice ......................................8
Gestures....................................9
Visuals .................................10
Check your visual before you use it. .............10
Posters and charts ...........................10
Computer Generated Visuals ...................10
Text ......................................11
How to Use Color ........................12
Color Combinations for posters and slides. ........12
What color means in the background! ............12
Backgrounds and Templates ...................12
Graphics ..................................12
Sound ....................................13
Transitions and Animations ....................13
Practice and Judge........................14
Practice for Confidence and Poise ...............14
How Well Did You Do? ........................14
Be A Star Presenter.......................15
Rules and Regulations ................. 16-17
Demonstration ..............................16
Illustrated Talk ..............................16
Public Speaking .............................17
Sample Live Scoresheets ............... 18-20
Demonstration ..............................18
Illustrated Talk ..............................19
Public Speaking .............................20
References ..............................21
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
4-H Youth Program Advisor Co-Chairs: Regina Bakley and Julia Thaden
Event Committee: Hilary Risner, Regina Bakley, Julia Thaden and Lani Klein
Education Committee: Hilary Risner, Regina Bakley, Julia Thaden, Julia Tinker and
Talisa Buchholz
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4-H & Youth
SDSU EXTENSION
MARCH 2024
South Dakota 4-H Communications Project
Guidelines
How to do 4-H Public Presentations
What is a Presentation?
By definition a presentation is an activity in which someone shows, describes, or explains something to a group of
people. A presentation is a way for you to share and teach information you have learned that will be useful to others.
Any time you learn something and show and tell it to another person, you are giving a presentation.
Speaking face-to-face is one of the oldest forms of communication, and still the most effective. The listener hears your
words, but more than that, they watch your face and your hands. They catch your enthusiasm, or your concern. It is a
warm, personal way of communicating.
No matter what 4-H project you are enrolled in, you can give a presentation. Every 4-H member should give at least
one presentation per year. Giving presentations is an important part of a member’s 4-H experience.
Why Should You Give a Public Presentation?
For the rest of your life you will be communicating. No matter if it is at home, school or work you will need to know
how to persuade others to gain their support, how to explain things or ask for something. The speaking skills you gain
through 4-H Public Presentations will have longer-lasting benefits than any other project you enroll in.
By giving 4-H Public Presentations you will gain many skills that will help you later in life. You will gain a positive stage
presence whether you are speaking to an individual or an audience.
Having the ability to organize your thoughts and information and
present it will allow you to become a valuable leader to others.
The speaking skills you gain in 4-H will help you to better
communicate with your friends and family. Those same skills will
benefit you in job interviews and in your future career. When
professionals are surveyed as to what skills are needed to succeed,
public speaking ranks at the top of their list. Unfortunately, public
speaking ranks as a top fear for many people. Giving public
presentations in 4-H can be learned by most people and with
practice it will become easier with each presentation. Plus, you will
gain confidence which will make you feel more at ease in
presenting.
Marketable Life Skills
• How to speak before an audience with
poise, capability and self-confidence.
• How to find and research a subject and
supplies with initiative and motivation.
• How to plan and organize information
and thoughts in a logical manner.
• How to prepare original visuals and
use them to support what you say.
• How to express yourself clearly,
convincingly and creatively.
• How to teach and show others what
you have learned.
• How to select an appropriate delivery
method and use appropriate delivery
techniques.
• How to listen to the opinions of others
and accept feedback.
• How to manage your time
• How to manage stress
Public presentations add variety, spark, interest and enthusiasm
to the 4-H program. It is a fun way to learn new knowledge and
share it with others. When 4-H members do the work to prepare
a presentation for others, they will be more likely to remember the
information and other members often listen and learn more from
other youth.
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Getting Started
Start with something simple … among friends at a 4-H Club meeting. You’ll have their interest and support, and the
butterflies won’t be fluttering in your stomach as much.
Not all public presentations can be done in the living room or
kitchen. Your club may want to meet in a school, community
center, bank basement, or get out into the barn, garage,
or garden. A demonstration on how to plant a tree is not
recommended for the living room.
When members have sufficient experience, encourage them to
give presentations at public gatherings such as service club
meetings and county public presentation days.
All 4-H members should give at least one demonstration,
illustrated talk, or public speech each year. You will learn more
when you do a presentation than the members who watch. It
need not always be a solo performance. Some members may
prefer to team up with a friend, rather than go it alone. Working
with a team member is a different experience than working
alone. It is okay if a beginner or younger 4-H member wants to
be assisted by an older brother or sister or a junior leader.
When Selecting Your Subject, Ask
Yourself is it:
• Something you like to do?
• Something you have learned to do or about
4-H?
• One single idea or theme?
• Something others would like to know
about?
• Timely and seasonal?
• Something interesting, worthwhile and has
economic or practical importance to you
and or your audience?
• Something you can do in a limited time?
• A topic of interest which you already have
some knowledge and would like to know
more about.?
• A subject suitable to your age, experience,
and surroundings?
So What Do You Talk About?
Your first step is to select a subject or topic. Usually you’ll do best if you choose a subject from your own experiences.
Determine the purpose of your presentation. Is it to inform, or do you want to create action? If you know who your
audience will be, consider them.
Learn More About Your Subject
Find out all you can about your subject. There is no substitute for being well informed. Take notes as you read and
study. A “computer idea file” becomes the catchall storage location for topics and subject information. This file can be
used at a later time to look up information.
Develop a Plan
Planning helps you to:
• Organize your ideas
• Manage your time
• Be prepared
• Eliminate being rushed and stressed.
Ask yourself how much time will I need to:
• Research more information?
• Write my presentation and make my visuals?
• Collect the equipment for my presentation?
• Practice and be prepared to present at my
very best?
Remember:
• All your statements must be accurate.
• You need to know more information than you tell.
Sources of subject information vary according to the
presentation:
• 4-H project literature
• Extension Fact Sheets & Bulletins
• school textbooks
• library sources
• current magazines, newspapers & books
• commercial material
• local resource people
• tours and trips
Learn about the do’s and dont’s of preparing for and
delivery a public speech from some of our very own 4-H
members. Melody, Lydian, and Harmony Gilkerson, of the
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Northview Lads and Lassies 4-H Club, helped us put together a public speaking best practices video. You can access
this video at: youtube.com/watch?v=GOck8-RFHdU.
Types of Presentations
Once you’ve chosen your subject, it will be easier for you to decide what kind of presentation you’ll want to plan.
Review the differences in the three public presentations and select the best one for your purpose and subject.
There are many types of public presentations, in South Dakota 4-H, we use three types:
1. Demonstrations
2. Illustrated Talks
3. Public Speaking
They are all different, and you should try each to see which one you’re most comfortable with.
1. DEMONSTRATIONS
• A demonstration is doing and showing how. As you show how, you tell what you are doing.
• In a demonstration, you make or do something step by step. There is always a finished product, or a task is
completed. Show the finished product in the summary.
• Actual products, materials, garments, machines, plants, animals, etc. are used. Personal, family, or club
experiences may be used.
• In a successful demonstration the audience leaves knowing how to do what you demonstrated and often times
will want to do it themselves.
• It is true and accurate.
• You learn by doing. The audience learns by watching and listening.
• A demonstration may be an individual or team effort.
2. ILLUSTRATED TALKS
• An illustrated talk is telling how by using visuals. You may use computer generated charts, flip charts, posters,
pictures, models, cut outs, slides, flannel board, chalkboards, and real objects. There is not a finished product.
• Personal, family, or club experiences may be used.
• The key to an illustrated talk is you learn by telling. The audience learns by watching and listening.
• It is true and accurate.
• An illustrated talk may be an individual or team effort.
• Remember that an illustrated talk is the same as a demonstration except that:
– You are not actually making something.
– You have no real finished product.
– Your visuals show what you are explaining.
3. PUBLIC SPEAKING
• Public speaking is talking.
• Public speaking is telling about your experiences or what you have learned.
• In public speaking, it is what you say and how you say it that informs the audience and communicates your
ideas to them. Public speaking is good when you want to tell facts, ideas, or give information.
• Public speaking is more formal than other public presentations. Examples of a public speaking presentation:
government official speech, a sermon, a lecture.
• Public speaking may not use visual materials.
• Personal, family, or club experiences may be used.
• The most effective speech is the one that presents most clearly and impressively what the speaker has in
mind. It is true and accurate.
• You learn by doing. The audience learns by listening. Public speaking is an individual effort.
• Remember that Public speaking is basically the same as a demonstration, an illustrated talk, except that:
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– It is just telling.
– It requires careful planning and effective delivery
with facial expressions and gestures, voice
variation in your pitch, volume, speed and
inflections as well as proper English.
So, which method do you use? What are you trying to tell?
What’s your main purpose? Whether you wish to show,
explain, tell or do a combination of these will determine
whether you use a demonstration, illustrated talk, or do
public speaking.
Team Presentations
Demonstrations or Illustrated Talks
Team is 2 people
Sometimes two can give these presentations better
than one, especially if four hands are needed or
when it is difficult to work and talk at the same
time. Team presentations require careful planning
and more practice. Teamwork teaches cooperation.
In a team presentation, divide it so both of you
will have about the same amount to do. Make the
divisions where it would be natural to shift from one
process or idea to another. When you are showing
how, you will be the one telling about it. While your
teammate is showing how, you will serve as his/her
silent helper.
Presentation Parts
Demonstrations, Illustrated Talks, and Public Speaking
require similar preparations. They are composed of three
parts: the introduction, the body and the summary. The
Introduction should be 10- 15% of your speaking time, the
body 75% and the conclusion 10%. In other words, the
Introduction you tell them what you will tell them; the Body
you tell them; and in the conclusion you tell them what you
have told them.
Outline of a Presentation
1. Introduction
• Catch
• Personal Introduction
• Brief outline of main points
2. Body
• Point A
• Point B
• Point C
3. Summary/Conclusion
• Summarize Main Points
• Give Sources of Information
• Ask for Questions (Do not ask for questions in Public Speaking.)
The Title
Every presentation needs a good title. The title is your first chance to catch the attention of the audience. Be dramatic.
Good titles are short, descriptive and intriguing. They suggest the subject without telling the whole story. For example,
if you are going to do a demonstration on eye makeup, you might choose the title The Eyes Have It as opposed
to Applying Eye Makeup. Don’t be concerned about coming up with the title first. It may be the last part of the
presentation you decide. It will come!
The Introduction
Your second chance to catch the attention of the audience and to set the tone of your presentation is in your
introduction. Be creative, original and interesting, and use only 1-2 minutes. There are many ways to capture the
audience’s attention, here are a few suggestions:
• Ask a question. (This is the easiest but probably the least creative choice.)
• Share a fascinating fact or startling statistic.
• Quote someone.
• Share a personal story.
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• Show a completed product.
• Show an unusual object.
• Wear a mask or a costume.
• Sing, dance, or do a skit. (Be sure it doesn’t last too long and don’t be silly.)
• Enter in an unusual way such as popping up from behind the table.
• Demonstrate an action without speaking.
Be sure your introduction leads into the body of the presentation in such a way that the audience will want to listen. Tell
the audience what you plan to do, why you chose the subject, why it is important and what you hope your audience will
learn from your presentation. It is always good to incorporate your title into the introduction.
Before or after your attention getter you will need to introduce yourself. Include your name, age, your club and how
many years you’ve been in 4-H. If someone introduces you, it isn’t necessary to repeat your name and facts about
yourself. In a team presentation each presenter can introduce themselves.
Body
The body is the main part of your presentation. This is where you explain your topic and present all of your information.
How you organize the body is very important because the audience needs to be able to follow what you are saying
and/or doing.
Demonstration and Illustrated Talk
• Make notes in your own words using key words or
phrases. Do not write down everything you will say.
• Outline what you will do and say in the
presentation. Arrange information in a logical order.
• Select equipment, materials or visuals.
• Prepare posters or charts. Make them easy to
read, understand and attractive.
• Think through what you will say – explain what,
how and why of each step.
Public Speaking
• Make notes in your own words using key words or
phrases. Do not write down everything you will say.
• Outline the 3-4 main points in a logical order.
• Decide how you can use hand gestures, facial
expressions and voice variations to strengthen
your talk.
Summary or Conclusion
This is your last chance to summarize the main points.
Emphasize what you want your audience to know or do. Be brief and to the point. Do not introduce new material in
the summary. Try to tie the summary back to your introduction or title. Attractively display the finished product or
completed task. Then, share your sources for your presentation.
In a demonstration or illustrated talk, ask for questions. Some may not have understood everything you said or
would like to know more about your subject. If you cannot answer a question, admit it! Do not bluff! Offer to find the
information or give a resource that would have the answer.
Indicate to the audience that you are through with a challenge, or a statement about your subject.
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Tips for Setting Up
• Check your outline for necessary supplies and
equipment. Use only the equipment that is
necessary and practical for your presentation.
• Arrange the equipment and supplies in the most
convenient manner. The center of the table should
be left free for the “doing” part. Trays provide a
natural way to group materials and keep the table
neat. Put all supplies and equipment needed on
a tray to your right, once it is used place it on the
empty tray to your left. Towels may be used to
cover trays.
• List equipment and supplies on a small card and
place with that tray. Double check list to be sure
you have all equipment and supplies.
• Place extra equipment on a second table away
from the demonstration table.
• Develop skill in the use of the equipment. Have
the equipment in good condition. See if electrical
equipment works before you begin.
• In the interest of safe practices, bring ingredients
or supplies in their original containers or product
packaging, whenever possible. There may be a
few examples when this is not practical, such as
flour. Label contents stored in glass or clear plastic
container to use for the supplies. In general, do
not promote or endorse product or brand name
that is used in the presentation. However, product
or brand name comparisons can be used for
educational purposes when referencing consumer
issues.
• To help people to see; you may use: a slanted
surface, table with raised back legs or a
slanted mirror overhead, or use clear bowls and
containers.
• A paper sack taped to the table is good for waste
disposal.
• Keep a towel or sponge handy to use for spills,
wiping hands or cleaning the table when you have
finished.
• Use standard measurements, cups, spoons, etc.
Measure accurately. If you do not have time to do
all of the steps in your presentation, you may save
time by measuring some ingredients in advance.
Give clear and correct explanations of the steps
you did not show the audience.
Showmanship – Mechanics of Presenting
Appearance
• Remember how you look is the audiences’ first
impression of your presentation. Your clothes
should be neat, clean, well pressed and
attractive. Appropriate dress will depend upon
the subject. Avoid things that attract attention
(do not chew gum). Avoid fads.
• There should be no writing on your clothes
unless it applies to your presentation.
• Be sure your hands and fingernails are clean
and well kept.
• Keep jewelry to a minimum.
• Use light makeup.
• Keep hair off your face. For food presentations
tie hair back or cover with a scarf, hairnet or
cap.
• Start with a smile and a pleasant expression;
they go a long way in getting the attention of
your audience.
Eye Contact
• Look your audience in the eye. Look at your
audience 75-80 percent of the time.
• Eye contact is important because it invites the
audience into your presentation.
Body Language/Posture/Movement
• Stand tall, on both feet.
• Keep your hands at your sides when you are
not making something or gesturing.
• Avoid turning your back to the audience or
shifting and swaying.
• Do not lean on the table or podium this gives
the impression you are tired or don’t care about
your presentation.
Voice
• Talk in a conversational voice to the audience.
• Project your voice so the whole room can hear
you.
• Slow down, inexperienced and nervous
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speakers tend to talk too fast. An experienced speaker will vary the rate at which they speak. Be sure to
emphasize certain words that are important. Learn to enunciate your words clearly.
• Use your own words in describing your steps. If you memorize your information or use someone else’s words,
it will sound less convincing.
• Use complete sentences with correct grammar and the proper choice of words to make the meaning clear.
Often a nervous or unprepared speaker uses terms like “um,” “ah,” or “you know.” Replace those with a pause
of silence take a breath and begin again.
• Practice using a microphone. If a microphone is available use it for the ease of the audience to hear you.
Gestures
• Gestures should reinforce what you are saying and should be a natural expression of your thoughts.
• When you begin a new section of your speech, step forward or to the side. Don’t pace, but change positions.
• Use the whole body to emphasize your points – a raised finger to call attention, a shrug to show indifference,
a fist to emphasize strong feeling.
• The face is very important for gesturing. Use your smile, your eyes, and your eyebrows to convey the thought.
• Be natural, be at ease, be happy, and be sure to smile.
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Visuals
Check Your Visual Before You Use It.
1. Visibility – Is it easy to see and read from where participants sit?
2. Simple – Is the message easy to understand?
3. Interest – Does it attract and hold attention or is it cluttered with too many words or pictures?
4. Useful – Are the letters, words, pictures, etc. suitable for the subject and audience?
5. Structure – Are the ideas grouped in sequential order?
6. Information – Is it factual and is the data current?
Computer Generated Visuals
There are several key elements that can be a part
of any computer generated visual. You will have
many options for text, color, background, graphics,
transitions, animations or sounds. How you use
these elements will make the difference between
an effective presentation and one that’s distracting
and hard to understand. As much fun as it is to
try all of these elements using too many in one
presentation can be distracting.
Posters and Charts
• Well-prepared and skillfully used posters and charts
help the audience understand more completely,
learn faster, and remember longer.
• When using posters and charts remember to:
– keep them simple
– make them readable
– place them where they are easily seen
– select visuals carefully to fit the presentation.
• Use charts and posters only if they “add to” the
presentation “and make it” more effective.
• Use charts to:
– serve as a guide to the member
– add interest to the title, topic and ideas
presented
– focus and hold the audience’s attention
– emphasize key points
– clarify a complicated process or procedure
– show comparisons
– summarize main thoughts.
– introduce a subject
– Present the main points
– give instructions
• Number the backs of posters for easy identification and placing them in order. For ease of changing posters,
put posters in reverse order on the easel. Move posters from the back to the front. For example, arrange
posters: Title poster, Poster 6, Poster 5 and so on. When you are finished with your title poster move Poster
one from the back of the posters to place on top of the Title Poster.
• Skill in using charts must be developed. When pointing out something use the hand closest to the poster or
chart. Show visual only when you are talking about that idea.
• When using flannel graphs, flash cards, slides, pictures, drawings, chalkboards, models, etc., be sure they are
neat, clean, in good condition, and can be clearly seen.
• You do not have to be an artist to have neat, readable charts and posters. Charts should be eye catching but
not elaborate, and limited to one idea.
• Some guidelines to use when making charts and posters:
– Charts and posters should be large enough to be seen at 30 feet.
– Use letters in size from 1 inch to 3 inches high.
– Use a combination of capital and lower case letters.
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– Use simple solid block-type letters.
– Use bold or heavy lined letters in preference to the thin, light or short, squatty letters.
– To emphasize a word, vary style of letter. Use color to emphasize words.
– Allow a margin on top and sides and slightly more on the bottom.
– Do not mix letters of various colors within words. They are difficult to read.
Text
Any writing you put on computer slides in your presentation is called text. Using a computer gives you many options to
how much text you have, the color of the text, the fonts and sizes of text. Below are tips to remember about the text in
your presentation.
• Use the 6 X 6 rule –This rule states that you should have no more than six lines on a slide and no more than
six words each line. Using this rule prevents you from putting too much information on the slide. A common
mistake is typing everything you want to say. This takes attention off you because the audience reads the
information themselves and stops listening to you. And, since people read at a different speed than they listen
this can become very distracting.
• Use easy-to-read fonts – While there are lots of different fonts you could use, stick to basic fonts like Arial
and Times New Roman. Basic fonts are easier to read and can be found on most computers. This is important
if you plan to copy your presentation onto a CD or portable drive for use in another computer. If the second
computer does not have the fonts you used in making your presentation, it will replace it with a font that is
similar. This similar font might totally change the spacing of text on lines. Using basic, simple fonts can help
prevent this from happening.
• Limit font types and sizes – Try not to use more than two types and sizes of fonts in a presentation. For
instance, one font might be used for the titles and another the rest of the text in your slides. The size of the
fonts in your presentation should be consistent throughout. That means all titles on each slide should be the
same size and the body of the slide text should be the same size. The recommended minimum sizes for text
are:
○ Slide title text - 44 points
○ Body of slide text - 28 points
○ Common fonts are Arial and Times New Roman
Slide Title
Body of slide text
Arial
Slide Title
Body of slide text
Times New
Roman
• Case size – AVOID ALL CAPS- TEXT IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS ARE HARDER TO READ than case that has
both upper and lower letters.
• Use bold for emphasis. Use it sparingly, for headlines or a word here and there.
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How to Use Color
The color used in posters, charts and computer generated slides creates a mood or feeling for your presentation.
Color attracts attention and can be used for highlighting items you want to emphasize. Using different colors helps you
compare several different items. The colors allow the audience to easily see differences in the items.
Understanding how a color relates to other colors is important. For instance, a bright yellow with other bright primary
colors will not stand out, but put it with a darker color and it will. You will need to remember warm colors stand out
(advance) and cool colors look farther away (recede).
Color Combinations for posters and
slides.
A general rule of thumb when choosing color combinations
for text and background is to place dark text on a light
background. When in doubt, use black with a pale color.
Black on white
Navy blue on pale yellow
Black on pale green Dark green on pale blue
If you do decide to use a dark background, make sure you
use text that is much lighter in color.
White on black Pale yellow on navy blue
Using colors this way creates contrast for readers to
take in information easier. When colors are too similar,
it is particularly difficult for audience members who are
colorblind to see text. If you are not sure if your colors
contrast each other enough, use this contrast checker:
https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/
• Keep the colors simple – Use a basic set of colors - one or two vivid colors and then the tints and shades
(lighter and darker versions) of the color.
• Use Color contrast – For example light colored
text on a dark background or vice versa. Colors
with little contrast will blend together and be
hard for the audience to read. Also, remember
that some of your audience may be color blind,
so be careful how you use reds and greens. If
you are using those two colors to compare
items for instance in a graph a color blind
person may not be able to see the difference in
the two colors.
What Color Means in the Background
• gray = neutral, reporting – use for presentation
with no emotional sway
• blue = calm, conservative, loyal, reduces pulse
and blood pressure use to present unfavorable
information
• green = analytical, precise, resistance to change
use to encourage interaction, or want to be
opinionated, assertive
• red = vitality, urge to achieve results, impulse,
raises our spirits use when want to motivate
• yellow = bright, cheerful, may be too much light
• violet = mystic union, unimportant and unrealistic,
irresponsible and immature, humor, charm,
delight
• brown = decreased sense of vitality, projects
dullness
• black = negation of emotions; surrender, power,
to discourage argument
Computer Backgrounds and Templates
For your presentation there are usually many different
template designs or color schemes for you to select from
on your computer. Some templates have a design border
while a background is a solid color. Another option is to
design a border for your presentation. Here are some
tips on choosing backgrounds or templates.
• Select backgrounds to enhance presentation
– Find a background or template that will evoke
the mood or feeling you want to have for your
presentation. A presentation showing how to
make a Thanksgiving turkey craft will look good
with a background with fall colors and leaves.
• Avoid clutter – Many templates have a border
or image incorporated in the design. Consider
this when choosing a template. If you are
adding many pictures or illustrations to your
presentation, the template design may distract
from them. It may be better to choose a solid
color background.
Graphics
Graphics are the photos, illustrations, or clip art you add
to your presentation. Graphics can be used to support
your point or to add some humor to your presentation.
When using graphics, remember the following:
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• Be consistent – It is a good idea to stick with similar types of graphics. If you are using clipart, try not to
combine a simple line drawing with a very intricate illustration.
• Use graphics to make the message clearer – If you are adding a graphic just because you can, skip the
graphic. It needs to support what you are trying to say.
• Be sure text contrasts with background – If you chose a template or background color scheme, the text
colors may already provide enough contrast. However, you may choose to make the title and text bold,
change the size, or even choose a font that you think contrasts more with the template or background.
Sound
Sounds tend to distract from you. Since you want the audience to be listening to what you are saying, it is better just to
avoid using sounds.
Transitions and Animations
There are many ways slides, text and graphics can come onto the screen. Transitions are how each slide comes onto
the screen. Animations are how the text and graphics come onto and leave the screen.
Tips for transitions and animations:
• Best slide transition – is the one that the audience does not even know happened.
• Be consistent – Use the same type of transitions throughout the presentation. Also, be consistent on how the
text comes onto the slide.
• Make them simple – It is a good idea to use basic animations such as:
○ Wipes
○ Fades
• Make them natural – An animation that feels natural will keep the audience listening to you rather than trying
to figure out where the next set of words will come from. Natural animations are:
○ Drop from above
○ Appear from left
• Use for emphasis – If you really want to emphasize a point, this is when it is appropriate to add a fancy
animation.
Page 14
Practice and Judge
Practice for Confidence and Poise
That’s all you have left to do – practice. Follow your outline. Do not memorize. Use your own words. If you use notes,
have key words or phrases on a card, for quick glance to keep you on your way. If you use cards write only on one
side and number them for ease of organizing them.
Keep the information in logical order. Synchronize action and explanation. Check to see if everything is blending
together smoothly. By practicing you will develop your skill and will be able to stay within the time limit. Ask your family
or 4-H leader to watch you. Have them ask you questions and make suggestions. Practice in front of a mirror. See how
you react to watching yourself. Ask yourself, “Would I stay for this?” Practice gives you confidence.
Remember, you can help the audience react favorably to your presentation if you are enthusiastic when you present
it. Having enthusiasm will help convince the audience they want to make what you are making or try your idea. Also,
don’t let the misuse of a word or the slip of a piece of equipment upset you. Goofs happen – go right on with your
presentation.
Members should practice using the judge’s scorecard and then discuss the points with an adult. It is good self-
analysis. Members may also practice with each other using the judge’s scorecard. By practicing with each other, you
see what others can do.
How Well Did You Do?
After the presentation be your own judge, ask yourself:
• Was my audience interested?
• Did I feel at ease?
• Did I enjoy giving the presentation?
• Did I know my information well enough?
The next time you give a presentation, choose a more advanced subject to test your skill and gain greater confidence
in yourself.
Page 15
Be a Star Presenter
Participating in Public Presentations provides you the opportunity to master the skill of presenting information to
another person or audience. Multiple presentation skills will be developed by each different presentation you choose to
present. By presenting a minimum of one presentation per year you will sharpen and advance your skills. You will gain
life skills that will help you:
• Speak before an audience with poise, capability and self-confidence.
• Find and research a subject and supplies with initiative and motivation.
• Plan and organize information and thoughts in a logical manner and present it creatively.
• Prepare original visuals and use them to support what you say.
• Express yourself clearly and convincingly.
• Teach and show others what you have learned.
• Select an appropriate delivery method and use appropriate delivery techniques.
• Listen to the opinions of others and accept feedback.
• Manage your time
• Manage stress
• Tell other people of what they have learned in 4-H.
• Gain knowledge about the presentation topic.
Ribbon System - Level Of Mastery
The Ribbon System is designed to help you recognize the Level of Mastery you have accomplished.
• Purple – Designates superior work – presentation is clearly superior in attracting attention and arousing
interest, conveys message, design, originality and workmanship.
• Blue – Designates excellent work – presentation meets standards in all major aspects.
• Red – Designates average work – presentation lacks one or more qualities.
• White – Designates needs improvement – presentation clearly lacks several qualities.
Everyone who gives a presentation is a winner.
Page 16
Rules and Regulations
• Registration must be completed on Fair Entry by August 13th at 11:59 p.m.
• For team presentations, only ONE team member is required to register on Fair Entry. During registration, they will
be required to indicate their teammate’s name and the preferred time of presentation.
• Counties are responsible for collecting two blank Public Presentations scorecards with the top portion filled out
from the participants. Counties should send scorecards of ONLY those registered in FairEntry to the State 4-H
Office, Attention: 4-H Communication Committee, no later than August 14th. If paperwork is not postmarked by
August 14, the youth will not be allowed to participate in the event.
• The 4-H Communications Project Guidelines and scoresheets are located on the SDSU Extension website.
• Youth should not promote any particular product or brand name during their presentation. However, it is
acceptable to have labels or brands displayed while giving the presentation.
• Ingredients or supplies should be from original containers or packaging. When this isn’t practical (e.g., flour),
participants should place the product in a labeled clear plastic container.
• Presentations may have been prepared during the 4-H year and given previously in school, during extracurricular
activities or to service organizations; however, youth must alter the presentation to include and relate it to their 4-H
projects and/or their 4-H experiences. In their delivery:
○ 4-H members must use the word “4-H” and state the specific 4-H project or program. If not, 4-H members
will receive a point deduction.
○ 4-H members must state how their content teaches the listener or audience about a specific 4-H project(s)
or program.
○ EXAMPLES: “I am enrolled in the 4-H Beef Project. Today I will tell you what I learned about proper nutrition
for my market steer through my 4-H project work. I have also learned _____ in these projects.” “Today my
illustrated talk on Nutrition Fact or Fiction falls under the Foods and Nutrition Project and the Health Project.
I have also learned _____ in these projects.”
• 4-H Public Presentations are all timed events. In the case the presentation is under the minimum the member will
receive a 3-point deduction from their overall score. If a presentation exceeds the maximum time limit, the 4-H
member will receive a 3-point deduction in their overall score for the first minute over and a one-point deduction
for each additional minute. See time requirements below.
• The 4-H Public Presentation Committee will provide the following for presentation purposes: a Windows laptop,
and TV screen with remote clicker. All presentations should be Windows laptop compatible. In order to alleviate
technology issues and provide smooth transitions between each presenter, youth are REQUIRED to bring their
digital presentation on a USB flash drive (if applicable). Internet access is not a guarantee nor is access to online
cloud sharing platforms (i.e. Box, iCloud, Google Drive, etc.).
• Senior division 4-H members are required to set-up the entirety of their presentation to include supplies and digital
presentation. Should they receive assistance from an adult, with the exception of extenuating circumstances
determined by the event coordinator, a three-point deduction will be reflected in their overall score.
• For team presentation guidelines, visit page 6 of the Communications Project Guidelines document.
Presentation Types & Criteria:
• Demonstration – Individual or Team, Minimum Length – Beginners 3 Minutes; Juniors 5 Minutes and Seniors 7
Minutes. Maximum Length: 25 minutes for all age categories.
Presented before an audience, a demonstration is an accurate step-by-step process of actions and explanations
that results in a finished product. Individuals or teams use actual products, material, garments, machines, plants,
animals, etc., and may also share personal, family or club experiences. Demonstrations may include charts,
illustrations, posters, and other types of visual aids.
• Illustrated Talk – Individual or Team, Minimum Length – Beginners 3 Minutes; Juniors 5 Minutes and Seniors 7
Minutes. Maximum Length: 25 minutes for all age categories. Presented before an audience, an illustrated talk is
original, true and accurate information showing how something is accomplished using a combination of speaking
about and showing one or more visual aids (e.g., Power Points, charts, pictures, slides, models, miniatures or real
Page 17
objects, flannel board, flip charts, chalkboard, drawings, and cutouts). Personal, family or club experiences may
be used. In the Illustrated Talk, there is no finished product; rather, an explanation of results that is illustrated with
visuals.
• Public Speaking – Min Length: 3 minutes & Max Length: 6 minutes – Individual
In public speaking, a 4-H member chooses a subject or topic which relates to an aspect of 4-H (project, program,
promotion, etc.). Public Speaking is telling about your experiences or what you learned about the topic to others.
Public Speaking may not use visual aids. Participants may use brief notes, if desired. Judges are not permitted to
ask questions in this presentation type.
Page 18
County
PUBLIC PRESENTATIONS
Demonstration
Name ID Age Division Individual Team
Name ID Age Division Individual Team
Title
Criteria Points Possible Comments
Introduction – 10 Points
- Captures audience attention and tells audience what you are going
to tell them.
- Introduce yourself: include name, age, club, years in 4-H.
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Body – 35 Points
- Organization of materials and talk
- Content quality/facts/sound research and methods, terms
- Accurate and complete information
- Usefulness of information
- Coordination of speaking and showing
- Use of words, voice, gestures and movement
- Originality
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Visuals - including Power Point – 15 Points
- Visible and/or readable
- Interest
- Emphasize main points
- Appropriately constructed
- Suitable
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
Accomplishment – 10 Points
- Desired results discussed or demonstrated.
- Finished product shown or task completed.
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Summary – 10 Points
- Main points emphasized, Definite closing. Sources cited.
- Ability to answer questions.
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Stage Presence - 10 Points
- Contestant’s enthusiasm and poise.
- Suitable attire, appearance, and posture.
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Relates to 4-H Program and/or Project – 10 Points
- Stated the word 4-H and stated the specific project or program.
- Stated how content teaches the listener or audience about the
specific project or program.
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Length of Presentation:
Start End
Minimum time – Beg. 3 min.; Jr. 5 min.; Sr. 7 min.
Maximum time limit: 25 minutes
If under, deduct 3 points. If over, deduct 3 points for first minute
over and 1 point per each additional minute.
Senior Assistance Deduction:
If senior age 4-H member receives assistance setting up
presentation by adult, deduct 3 points.
TOTAL 100
Comments:
Judge’s Signature Judge’s Signature
Circle Appropriate Ribbon Placing
Purple Blue Red White
(100-90) (89-80) (79-70) (69 & below)
SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the nondiscrimination policies of South Dakota State University, the South Dakota
Board of Regents and the United States Department of Agriculture. Learn more at extension.sdstate.edu.
02-03-02-04
SAMPLE
Page 19
County
PUBLIC PRESENTATIONS
Illustrated Talk
Name ID Age Division Individual Team
Name ID Age Division Individual Team
Title
Criteria Points Possible Comments
Introduction – 10 Points
- Captures audience attention and tells audience what you are going
to tell them
- Introduce yourself: include name, age, club, years in 4-H
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Body – 35 Points
- Organization of materials and talk
- Content quality/facts/sound research and methods, terms
- Accurate and complete information
- Usefulness of information
- Coordination of speaking and showing
- Use of words, voice, gestures and movement
- Originality
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Visuals - including Power Point – 25 Points
- Visible and/or readable
- Interest
- Emphasize main points
- Appropriately constructed
- Suitable
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Summary – 10 Points
- Main points emphasized, Definite closing, Sources cited
- Ability to answer questions
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Stage Presence - 10 Points
- Contestant’s enthusiasm and poise
- Suitable attire, appearance, and posture
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Relates to 4-H Program and/or Project – 10 Points
- Stated the word 4-H and stated the specific project or program
- Stated how content teaches the listener or audience about the
specific project or program
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Length of Presentation:
Start _______ End _________
Minimum time – Beg. 3 min.; Jr. 5 min.; Sr. 7 min.
Maximum time limit: 25 minutes
If under, deduct 3 points. If over, deduct 3 points for first minute
over and 1 point per each additional minute.
Senior Assistance Deduction:
If senior age 4-H member receives assistance setting up
presentation by adult, deduct 3 points.
TOTAL 100
Comments:
Judge’s Signature Judge’s Signature
Circle Appropriate Ribbon Placing
Purple Blue Red White
(100-90) (89-80) (79-70) (69 & below)
SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the nondiscrimination policies of South Dakota State University, the South Dakota
Board of Regents and the United States Department of Agriculture. Learn more at extension.sdstate.edu.
02-03-02-04
SAMPLE
Page 20
County
PUBLIC PRESENTATIONS
Public Speaking
Name ID Age Division
Title
Criteria Points Possible Comments
Composition – 40 Points
Introduction – 10 Points
- Captures audience attention and tells audience what you are going to
tell them
- Introduce yourself: include name, age, club, years in 4-H
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Body – 20 Points
- Originality
- Organization
- Content quality and facts: sound research and methods, true, complete
and useful information
- Use of words
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Summary – 10 Points
- Main points emphasized
- Definite closing, Sources cited
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Showmanship –Mechanics of Presenting – 40 Points
- Use of Voice
- Eye Contact
- Facial Expressions
- Use of gestures
- Body Movement
- Timing
- Style
- Posture
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Stage Presence – 10 Points
- Contestant’s enthusiasm, and poise
- Suitable attire and appearance
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Relates to 4-H Program and/or Project – 10 Points
- Stated the word 4-H and stated the specific project or program
- Stated how content teaches the listener or audience about the specific
project or program
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Presentation Length:
Minimum 3 Minutes - Maximum 6 Minutes
Start time Finish Time
If under, deduct 3 points. If over, deduct 3 points for first minute over
and 1 point per each additional minute.
Senior Assistance Deduction:
If senior age 4-H member receives assistance setting up presentation
by adult, deduct 3 points.
TOTAL 100
Additional Comments:
Judge’s Signature Judge’s Signature
Circle Appropriate Ribbon Placing
Purple Blue Red White
(100-90) (89-80) (79-70) (69 & below)
SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the nondiscrimination policies of South Dakota State University, the South Dakota
Board of Regents and the United States Department of Agriculture. Learn more at extension.sdstate.edu.
02-03-02-04
SAMPLE
Page 21
References
• 4-H Presentation Manual, University of California, 4-H Youth Development Program, 2005.
• Speak up with Confidence -Tips on Presenting in Nine Key Areas, University of Idaho Extension, 2012.
• Public Presentation Curriculum For use with 4-H Program Clubs, Workshops or other Educational Settings,
Nebraska Extension, 4-H Youth Program.
• 4-H Member Guide: How to Make a 4-H Public Presentation, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, New Jersey
Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 2010.
• North Carolina 4-H Presentation Handbook, North Carolina State University, A&T State University Cooperative
Extension, 2007.
• A Primer on Presentations, Oregon State University, Extension Service, 4-H Youth Development, 2009.
• 4-H Public Presentation Guide, AgriLife Extension, Texas A & M System, 2010.
• How to do 4-H Public Presentations, South Dakota State University.
MC-03328
SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the nondiscrimination policies of South Dakota State University, the
South Dakota Board of Regents and the United States Department of Agriculture.
Learn more at extension.sdstate.edu. © 2024, South Dakota Board of Regents
