Style Guidelines
GSP conforms to the Chicago Manual of Style, specifically the 16th edition. For questions not
answered here, please consult the Chicago Manual of Style, a quick guide can be found here. A
free 30-day trial of the Chicago Manual of Style is available here. Also, Purdue University (here)
and the Northwest Missouri State University Library (here) offer overviews of Chicago style.
Anonymous Review
To ensure an anonymous, double-blind peer review, manuscripts should not contain any
identifying information. Do not write your name, or any other identifying information (such as
department or institutional affiliation, or an acknowledgment). Your manuscript should not
contain the title of your article. Do not write a cover page on the manuscript you submit. Refer to
your previous publications in the third person, not the first person.
Layout
Use a single column layout with both margins justified. Single space your text. First paragraph
under headings should have no first-line indentation. All other paragraphs should have first-line
indentation.
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and abbreviations should conform to the Chicago Manual of Style. They should be
written out in full the first time they are used in the text, with the acronym or abbreviation in
parenthesis. Ex: The United Nations Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime
of Genocide (UNCG).
Dates
GSP uses the Chicago Manual of Style format: month, day, year.
• March 3, 2002; December 3; January 1939!
• Do not use the abbreviations for ordinal numbers in dates (2nd, 30th).!
Quoting and Quote Marks:
GSP uses the quoting conventions outlined in the Chicago Manual of Style.
Use double quotation marks to signify quoted texts: “such as this”
Use single quotation marks to signify internal quotes: “such ‘as’ this”
Never use single quotation marks, except for internal quotes.
!
GSP strongly discourages the extensive use of quotation marks to give emphasis to certain words
in a sentence. While the editors of GSP understand that it is sometimes necessary to use
quotation marks to convey the significance, or distinctive connotation of a particular phrase, the
editors prefer that all intended connotations of a particular word or phrase are made clear in the
text, and are not left open to interpretation, where possible. When absolutely necessary,
distinctive or technical terms or phrases may be placed inside quotation marks, however, this
should be the exception, rather than the rule. If a particular word or phrase is used extensively
throughout a submission and is employed as a technical term of art, it is sufficient to place the
word or phrase in quotation marks the first time it is used, but is not necessary thereafter.
!
Example: In this paper, such process is referred to as one of “framing” genocide.
Thereafter: The construction of a historical narrative is one example of framing genocide.
Example: They intended to destroy all “inferior races.”
Change to: They intended to destroy all those whom they considered to be inferior races.
Example: The Cambodian “genocide.”
Change to: The Cambodian genocide.
Punctuation and Quotations:
In keeping with the Chicago Manual of Style, punctuation should be included before double
quotation marks.
!
Standard quotes with a footnote:
• The author wrote that “the sentence comes to an end like this.”
1
• The author wrote that “the sentence comes to an end like this,” and the next one will
begin on the following page.
1
Quotes within quotes with a footnote:
• The author wrote that “the sentence ‘comes to an end like this’.”
1
For extended quotes over four lines long, use block quotations. Indent the quotation 1 inch from
the left and right margins (use the word processor’s ruler, not the tab function). Do not use
quotation marks. Include a hard return before and after the block quotation. GSP recommends
not ending a paragraph with a block quotation.
Foreign Language Words:
The use of foreign language words and terms is acceptable. You may use italics to signal foreign
language words and terms that would be unfamiliar to the audience, so long as your usage is
consistent throughout the manuscript. Do not italicize commonly used foreign language words or
phrases (such as, sine qua non, or ancien régime, which are commonly used expressions in
English). Do not use quotation marks to signify foreign language terms. For more information,
see the Chicago Manual of Style 7.49.
Specialized Vocabulary and Terminology
Do not use quotes or italics to signal specialized vocabulary. Instead, clearly define the word or
term when it is first used in the text.
Section Headings
Section subheadings are permissible. However:
• Do not use more than two levels of headings.
• Do not number sections (2, 2.1, 2.3)
• If you use section headings, do not provide a heading for your introduction, but do
include a heading for your conclusion.
Follow the following schema, using title case capitalization:
Level One Heading in Bold
Level Two Sub-heading in Italics
Manuscripts using Roman alphabets should conform to the following footnote and bibliographic
style. For manuscripts in languages published in non-Roman alphabets, it is the author’s
responsibility to use the style most appropriate to the academic conventions in the language.!
!
Citations: Footnote References & Bibliographic Entries!
GSP used footnotes and bibliographies.
When using quotes and paraphrases in the manuscript, footnote citations must be used to note
where the information was found. They should come behind the full stop and the closed
quotation marks, and be in superscript (using the footnote function in the word processor). For
example: !
• As Jones explains, "this was, indisputably, a major advance in international
jurisprudence."
8
!
!
When citing a source for the first time, follow the Chicago Manual of Style outlined below.
When referencing a source that has previously been cited in a footnote, authors need only to
include the author's surname, the title (or a shortened form of the title, if it is longer than four
words), and the page number (s) after the initial citation. For example:!
•
1
Adam Jones, Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction, 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge,
2010), 23.
•
6
Jones, Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction, 71.
!
In the event that the author references the same source two or more times consecutively, the use
of the term “Ibid” is allowed, with the corresponding page number listed behind the term. For
example: !
•
2
Leo Kuper, Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century (New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1982), 34.
•
3
Ibid., 37.
!
Full footnote citations and bibliographic entries should follow the conventions outlined by the
Chicago Manual of Style:!
!
Books, single author:
Footnote
1
Adam Jones, Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction, 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge, 2010),
534.!
2
Leo Kuper, Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century (New Haven: Yale University
Press, 1982), 32.
3
Rafal Lemkin, Kodeks Karny Rosji Sowieckiej 1927 (Warszawa: Sklad Glowny w Ksiegarni F.
Hoesicka, 1928), 11.
4
Hans Kelsen, Das Problem der Souveränität und die Theorie des Völkerrechts: Beiträge zu
Einer Reinen Rechtslehre (Tübingen: Verlag von J.C.B. Mohr, 1922), 62.
5
Jean-Pierre Chrétien, Le Défi de l’Ethnisme; Rwanda et Burundi: 1900-1996. (Paris: Karthala,
1997), 51.
Bibliographic
Entry
Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction, 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2010.!
!
Kuper, Leo. Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century. New Haven: Yale University
Press, 1982.
Books, multiple authors:
Footnote
6
Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn, The History and Sociology of Genocide (New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1990), 18.
7
Santiago Garanño and Werner Pertot, Detenidos-Aparecidos: Presas y Presos Políticos Desde
Trelew a la Dictadura (Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2007), 33.
Bibliographic
Entry
Chalk, Frank and Kurt Jonassohn. The History and Sociology of Genocide. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1990.
Garanño, Santiago and Werner Pertot. Detenidos-Aparecidos: Presas y Presos Políticos Desde
Trelew a la Dictadura. Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2007.
*For four or more authors, list all of the authors in the bibliography; in the note, list the first author, followed by et
al.
Books, translated:
Footnote
8
Sara Bender, The Jews of Bialystok During World War II and the Holocaust, trans. Yaffa
Murciano (Waltham: Brandeis University Press, 2008), 98.
Bibliographic
Entry
Bender, Sara. The Jews of Bialystok During World War II and the Holocaust. Translated by
Yaffa Murciano. Waltham: Brandeis University Press, 2008.
Chapters in an edited volume:
Footnote
9
John D. Kelly, “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War,”
in Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, ed. John D. Kelly et al. (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 2010), 77.
10
Jon Bridgman and Leslie J. Worley, “Genocide of the Hereros,” in Century of Genocide:
Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views, ed. Samuel Totten et al. (New York: Garland, 1997),
22.
11
Max Horkheimer, “The Jews and Europe,” in Critical Theory and Society: A Reader, ed.
Stephen Eric Bronner and Douglas MacKay Kellner, trans. Mark Ritter, (New York: Routledge,
1989), 79.
Bibliographic
Entry
Kelly, John D. “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War.”
In Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, edited by John D. Kelly, Beatrice Jauregui,
Sean T. Mitchell, and Jeremy Walton, 67–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
* For three or more editors, list all of the editors in the bibliography; in the note, list only the first, followed by et al.
* In the bibliography, include chapter page numbers after the editor’s name.
Edited volumes:
Footnote
12
Omer Bartov and Eric D. Weitz, eds., Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the
German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands (Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
2013), 41.
13
Jimenez de Asua, Vespasien Pella, and Manuel López-Rey, eds., Actes de la Vème Conférence
Internationale pour l’ Unification du Droit Pénal Madrid 14–20 Octobre 1933 (Paris: A.
Pedone, 1935), 35.
Bibliographic
Entry
Bartov, Omer and Eric D. Weitz, eds. Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the
German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands. Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
2013.
Preface, foreword, introduction, or similar part of a book:
Footnote
14
James Rieger, introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary
Wollstonecraft Shelley (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), xx–xxi.
Bibliographic
Entry
Rieger, James. Introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary
Wollstonecraft Shelley, xi–xxxvii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.
Journal articles:
Footnote
15
Alexander Laban Hinton, “Critical Genocide Studies,” Genocide Studies and Prevention 7, no.
1 (2012), 10.
Bibliographic
Entry
Hinton, Alexander Laban. “Critical Genocide Studies.” Genocide Studies and Prevention 7, no. 1
(2012): 4-15.
*In the note, list the specific page numbers consulted. In the bibliography, list the page range for the whole article.
Journals accessed electronically:
Footnote
16
Antonio Miguez Macho, “A Genealogy of Genocide in Francoist Spain,” Genocide Studies
and Prevention: An International Journal 8, no. 1 (2013), 31, accessed March 27, 2014, doi:
hp://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.8.1.4.!
Bibliographic
Entry
Macho, Antonio Miguez. “A Genealogy of Genocide in Francoist Spain.” Genocide Studies and
Prevention: An International Journal 8, no. 1 (2013): 21-32. Accessed March 27, 2014. Doi:
hp://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.8.1.4.
Edited Journal Issues:
Footnote
17
Yasemin Irvin-Erickson and Douglas Irvin-Erickson, eds., Genocide Studies and Prevention:
An International Journal 8, no. 3 (2013), Special Issue: Humanitarian Technologies and
Genocide Prevention.
Bibliographic
Entry
Irvin-Erickson, Yasemin and Douglas Irvin-Erickson, eds. Genocide Studies and Prevention: An
International Journal 8, no. 3, Special Issue: Humanitarian Technologies and Genocide
Prevention, 2013.
Newspapers and popular magazines:
Footnote
17
Michael D. Shear and Peter Baker, “Obama Renewing U.S. Commitment to NATO Alliance,”
New York Times, March 27, 2014, A1.
18
Somini Sengupta, “Facing a War Crimes Inquiry: Sri Lanka Continues to Vex the U.N.,” New
York Times, March 26, 2014, accessed March 28, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/world/asia/sri-lanka.html.
Bibliographic
Entry
Sengupta, Somini. “Facing a War Crimes Inquiry: Sri Lanka Continues to Vex the U.N.” New
York Times, March 26, 2014. Accessed March 28, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/world/asia/sri-lanka.html.
Primary sources:
Footnote
19
Raphael Lemkin, “Description of the Project,” n.d., Raphael Lemkin Papers, Manuscript
Collection 1730, Manuscript and Archives Division, New York Public Library, New York, U.S.
(hereafter NYPL), Reel 3, Box 2, Folder 1, n.p.
20
Raphael Lemkin, “Belgium Congo," n.d, NYPL, Reel 3, Box 2, Folder 7, 21-23.
Bibliographic
Entry
Lemkin, Raphael. “Belgium Congo.” n.d. Raphael Lemkin Papers, Manuscript Collection 1730,
Manuscript and Archives Division, New York Public Library, New York City, United States of
America. Reel 3, Box 2, Folder 7.
* Use n.d. to signify the document has no date. Use n.p. to signify the document is not paginated.
Group or corporate authorship including UN documents:
Footnote
21
United Nations, Study of the Question of the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of
Genocide, July 4, 1978 (UN Doc. E/CN. 4/Sub 2/416).
22
Global Environment Coordination, Facing the Global Environment Challenge: A Progress
Report on World Bank Global Environmental Operations (Washington, DC: Global
Environment Coordination Division, Environment Dept., The World Bank, 1994).
Bibliographic
Entry
United Nations. Study of the Question of the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of
Genocide, July 4, 1978. UN Doc. E/CN. 4/Sub 2/416.
Court cases & judgments:
Footnote
23
Attorney-General of the Government of Israel v. Eichmann, District Court of Jerusalem,
December 12, 1961.
24
Prosecutor v. Krstic, Appeals Chamber Judgment, April 19, 2004, IT-98-33-A, para. 32.
Do not include court cases and court documents in the bibliography.
* A number of databases, such as Lexus Nexus, provide the volume number of the report, name of reporter, or
docket numbers. For instructions on how to cite this information, consult the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed.,
sections 14.281-291.
* For further help citing court cases, trial transcripts, public laws, constitutions, and other court and legal documents
consult sections 14.281-291 and 15.54-55 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed.
Other sources
See Chicago Manual of Style for all other questions—such as referencing on-line and electronic
books, digital sources, interviews, sources quoted by other sources, primary sources quoted in
secondary sources, dissertations, conference papers, websites, religious texts, ancient texts,
pamphlets, etc. !
!
Film, radio, and other audiovisual!
See GSP film review guidelines if citing films for a film review. If citing audiovisual sources in a
research article, follow in Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed., 14.274-14.280.!
!
Bibliography:
The full bibliography must be included at the bottom of the manuscript, and follow the Chicago
Manual of Style guidelines outlined in the above chart. Sources should be listed in alphabetical
order according to last name. The first line of each entry should be flush with the margin;
subsequent lines should be indented. For example:
!
Chalk, Frank and Kurt Jonassohn. The History and Sociology of Genocide. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1990.
!
Hinton, Alexander Laban. “‘Beyond Suffering: Genocidal Terror Under the Khmer Rouge: A
View from the Work of May Ebihara.” In Anthropology and Community in Cambodia:
Reflections on the Work of May Ebihara. Edited by John Marston, pages 759-778.
Melbourne: Monash University Press, 2011.!
!
