FOR SCHOOL MUSIC FACILITIES
planning guide
VERSION 3.1
A NEW CONSTRUCTION AND RENOVATION RESOURCE FOR MUSIC EDUCATORS, FACILITY PLANNERS, ADMINISTRATORS AND ARCHITECTS
This guide provides brief explanations of the critical factors affecting the Music Suite. By applying
this information to your needs and using the worksheets included, you’ll be able to communicate
music area fundamentals to architects and administration more quickly and clearly. You’ll get the
most out of this guide if you use it in the following fashion:
• Read the guide thoroughly.
• Use the information to establish the fundamental needs of your music facility.
• Apply these fundamentals to your specific project.
• Use the Planning Guide worksheets as the basic programming documents you’ll share
with architects.
• Most importantly, start now. The most critical decisions are often made years
before construction begins. And, as the project progresses, changes become
difficult and cost-prohibitive.
This Planning Guide is designed to help you — music educators, administrators, facility planners,
architects and consultants — focus on the fundamental requirements of the Music Suite. Though
it is written from the perspective of the music educator, your entire planning team can use this
information to create a Music Suite that is both effective and exciting.
The following guidelines are the culmination of over 60 years of Wenger experience. By visiting
with
thousands of music educators, we understand what it takes to make a Music Suite successful and
what seemingly insignificant design elements can jeopardize its effectiveness.
Use our expertise. If you have questions, a Wenger representative is always just a phone call away.
Wenger works with the
American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education System
as a registered AIA/CES provider.
1 Planning the Music Suite
INTRODUCTION
USING THIS GUIDE
The Music Suite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 4
The Construction Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 6
Four Critical Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Critical Factor • Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 17
Critical Factor • Floor Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 - 25
Critical Factor • Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 - 31
Critical Factor • Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 - 33
Performance Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 - 42
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Programming Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Equipment Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Performance Area Programming Worksheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Bibliography and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
The Case for Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Rule of Thumb Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Back Cover
2
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONSIDERATIONS
3 Planning the Music Suite
THE MUSIC SUITE
Definition
All rooms or areas designed and used for music education constitute
the Music Suite.
First Priority
Learning within the Music Suite is accomplished by critical listening; the
success of the design is measured by how well teachers and students
can hear within this special environment. Every aspect of the rehearsal
and practice areas must be designed to promote clear hearing. As a
result, the acoustical considerations of music areas are the first priority.
Space Requirements
Because of the sheer number of music students and the physical nature
of music education, music activities require more room, greater flexibility,
and more fresh air than other classrooms.
Real Costs
Sound isolation, quieter mechanical systems, additional room volume,
and other specialized needs make music suite construction costs per
square-foot typically double that of other school areas. This guide will
show why cutting corners in the Music Suite will cut the effectiveness
of your music education program.
4
The Music Suite
MUSIC SUITE LAYOUT
The Music Suite is a complex environment with many different areas and unique dynamics.
This Planning Guide was created to help you understand these dynamics and needs so that
your Music Suite design ensures effective education — and no surprises down the road.
Performance areas
auditoriums and multi-purpose
rooms for concert
Rehearsal rooms
for band, orchestra and
choral ensembles
Practice rooms
for small group and
individual practice
Music libraries
for sheet music storage
Electronic music lab
for electronic music instruction
Storage rooms
for instruments, uniforms,
robes, garments, marching
band equipment, choral risers,
microphones, amplifiers,
speakers, pianos — and more
Offices and studios
for Music Directors
Choral Rehearsal Room
Electronic
Keyboard Lab
Ensemble
Practice
Room
Practice Rooms
Girl's
Dressing
Area
Boy's
Dressing
Area
Robe Storage
Uniform Storage
Choral
Library
Orchestra
Library
Choral
Office
Orchestra
Office
Uniform Storage
Orchestra Rehearsal Room
Band Rehearsal Room
Instrument Storage
Instrument Storage
General
Storage
Band
Office
Band Library
and
Instrument Repair
Commons
To AuditoriumTo Parking
Main
Entrance
Planning the Music Suite
GET INVOLVED
CONSTRUCTION PHASES
THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
5
The following phases are the basic steps in a new construction or renovation project.
Phase I
Pre-Planning:
In this phase the planning committee is formed and facility goals are defined.
The most successful committees consist of administrators, district officials and
educators. Keep in mind that it is very important to include teacher representatives
from non-typical environments such as the fine arts, athletics and music.
Phase II
Programming:
Programming is an architectural term for the process of defining the activities and
requirements of spaces to be designed. This is the committee’s most important
phase, and the gathering of input should begin as soon as possible. The longer
you wait, the more it will cost and the more unlikely it becomes that your Music
Suite will be what you need it to be.
Now is the time to create a “big picture” of everything you want the Music Suite to
be. Use the programming documents in this guide to present ideas to an architect,
making clear what is desired and what makes the area unique. And though budget
will ultimately determine the scope of the project, anyone who’s been through the
process will agree — “You’ll never get what you don’t ask for.”
The architect will need to know how much space you require, how each space
within the Music Suite is used, and how all spaces relate to one another. Our
Rule of Thumb charts for square footage considerations were specially devised
to help you determine these needs. This is also the best time to compile your
equipment lists so you know how much money to set aside for purchasing
fixtures, furniture and equipment (FF&E).
Following the programming documents and budget constraints, the architect will
proceed to diagram the facility. He or she will present drawings in different stages
so the planning committee can help fine tune the design. Be sure to agree upon the
final schematic, because any subsequent changes will be more difficult.
Proper planning and continued involvement are essential to creating the Music Suite you want.
Use this information to get involved early so you can put, and keep, the project on the right track.
PROJECT SEQUENCE
The Bond can be
approved during
any of the initial
stages.
Phase III
Schematic Design:
The architect refines the design
and creates the blueprint.
Formation of the
Planning Committee
and identification of
facility needs.
The architect solicits
input from school
personnel regarding
program requirements.
Considering the input and
budget, the architect creates
preliminary sketches of the
proposed facility.
Music educators should concentrate the majority of their involvement during these initial
stages. This is when your Music Suite design takes shape, and trying to alter the design
or add ideas later in the process becomes very expensive.
I. PRE-PLANNING II. PROGRAMMING III. SCHEMATIC DESIGN IV. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
CONSTRUCTION PHASES
6
The Construction Process
Phase IV
Design Development:
The architect next creates blueprints. Exact room dimensions, ceiling heights, door
and window locations, and electrical, plumbing, and mechanical systems, are final-
ized. These blueprints must be inspected very carefully, because all bidding and
construction will be firmly based on this plan. Future changes are very expensive.
Phase V
Construction Documents:
Before talking with contractors, the architect will develop construction documents
that clearly define what is being built and to what specifications.
Phase VI
Bidding:
With final blueprints and construction documents in hand, it’s time to open the
project to bids from general contractors, as well as electricians, carpenters and
other subcontractors. After a review of bids, the contract is awarded to a general
contractor. Next it’s time to buy products — such as storage cabinets, acoustical
treatments and pre-engineered practice rooms — installed during construction.
Phase VII
Construction:
This is the final opportunity to make sure that the Music Suite is being built
according to specifications. Visit the site often. And, if something isn’t following
the agreed-upon plan, be sure to discuss these concerns with the architect
and administration.
Phase VIII
Equipment Purchasing:
While the building is being constructed, the furniture and equipment identified
in Phase II should be specified, bid and purchased — for delivery prior to the
school opening.
Phase IX
School Opening:
Congratulations.
Preparation of necessary documents
outlining the construction requirements.
The project is
open to bidding
and a contractor
is selected.
The actual building of
the facility.
Specify, bid and purchase equipment
with delivery prior to opening.
Congratulations!
V. CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS VI. BIDDING VII. CONSTRUCTION VIII. EQUIPMENT PURCHASING IX. SCHOOL OPENING
SUITE ESSENTIALS
7 Planning the Music Suite
THE FOUR CRITICAL FACTORS
The following four critical factors will determine the effectiveness of your facility. Every decision
involving your Music Suite must put all four of these factors at the top of your priority list. Along
with these brief descriptions, you’ll find all four factors covered in detail in this guide.
acoustics
How well your facility promotes critical listening is directly proportional to how effective it will be.
floor plan
The layout of your Music Suite determines whether it is effective, ineffective, or even unusable.
storage
Storage not only affects equipment, but also acoustics, traffic flow and security.
equipment
Choosing proper equipment is the final step toward guaranteeing a successful Music Suite.
CRITICAL
FACTOR
acoustics
8
Critical Factor • Acoustics
The study of music is dependent upon the ability to hear and learn differences in
intonation, dynamics, articulation and balance. This skill, called critical listening,
can be developed only in a learning environment with proper acoustics.
To guarantee that acoustics promote critical listening and effective music educa-
tion, your facility’s design must pay close attention to the following elements:
• Cubic volume and room shape.
• Sound isolation between rooms.
• Acoustical treatments to walls, ceilings and furnishings.
• Properly designed mechanical systems.
The following section will help you understand how you can effectively
enhance acoustics and reduce the noise and interference that jeopardizes quality
music education.
CONSIDERATIONS
9 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
CUBIC VOLUME AND SHAPE
acoustics
If the rehearsal room in which that ensemble
performs does not have enough cubic volume
and is not acoustically treated, the sound
energy created will overwhelm the space,
The cubic volume of your rehearsal room and shape of its walls have a profound effect on the
quality of its acoustics. To ensure excellent sound, start by following these basic principles:
Cubic Volume
• Never cut corners on cubic volume; it is the single most important place to put your
Music Suite dollars.
• Cubic volume is equal to floor area multiplied by ceiling height. Reducing this space can make
your room unresponsive, excessively loud, and may also be impossible to completely correct.
• Low ceilings are a common cause of poor music room acoustics.
• Use portable risers instead of poured concrete tiers. Concrete dramatically reduces room
volume and increases loudness, while the space beneath portable risers, if left open, will
not reduce cubic volume.
Wall Shape
• Untreated parallel walls cause flutter echo. This annoying ringing or buzzing sound can be
corrected with acoustical treatments that diffuse and absorb sound.
• Non-parallel and splayed walls can reduce flutter echo, but these solutions cost significantly
more per square foot than acoustical treatments. Take the money you save on splayed walls
and put it into more cubic volume, improved sound isolation, or better HVAC systems.
• Avoid visual acoustics. These are designs — such as curved walls and domes — that look
attractive and appear to have good acoustical properties but in reality are often disastrous
to the acoustic environment.
• Square or cube-shaped rooms with parallel walls create additive wave lengths, called
“standing waves,” that over-emphasize certain frequencies, making them abnormally loud.
Creating a rectangular room by varying one dimension 30% or more is a typical solution.
A 65-person ensemble creates enough sound energy to fill an auditorium.
10
Critical Factor • Acoustics
WALL & CEILING SHAPE
CUBIC VOLUME
Excellent acoustics demand adequate cubic room volume that results from higher ceilings and
ample floor space.
When room size is too small, the first sound reflections return to the musicians’ ears so quickly
that they do not hear their sound in the room. When adequate cubic volume is achieved, however,
sound takes longer to reflect off more distant walls and surfaces, enveloping the musicians with
sound and providing a sense of presence. When a room provides this envelopment, musicians
can hear better, creating an environment in which real learning can be achieved by listening. This
is the minimum goal of spaces designed for music learning, both instrumental and choral. All too
often, rehearsal rooms are designed so small that musicians simply cannot hear the full range of
musical sound. Remember, music is learned by listening.
Rooms that are too small also result in dangerously high sound-pressure levels. There simply
isn’t enough space to dissipate and absorb the loudness generated by musical ensembles.
Rehearsing in an excessively loud room is extremely stressful for both students and teacher
and can cause permanent hearing loss over a period of time. Concert bands, marching bands,
orchestras and jazz bands generate especially high sound-pressure levels and special care should
be taken to control loudness in areas where these groups rehearse and perform.
LARGE REHEARSAL ROOMS
Primary reflections are slightly delayed and envelop the
musician. Loudness is dissipated.
SMALL REHEARSAL ROOMS
Primary reflections return in under
30 milliseconds, making the room
excessively loud, unresponsive, and
can even damage a person’s hearing.
Choral Rehearsal 60-80 students 16-20 feet 1,800 sq. ft. 350-500 cu. ft.
Band/Orchestra Rehearsal 60-75 students 18-22 feet 2,500 sq. ft. 550-700 cu. ft.
ROOM CLASS SIZE CEILING HEIGHT TYPICAL FLOOR SPACE RESULTING CUBIC VOLUME PER MUSICIAN
CUBIC VOLUME REQUIREMENTS
Wall and ceiling shapes play a crucial role in acoustics because they determine how sound will be
reflected and diffused within the environment.
FLUTTER ECHO
Untreated parallel surfaces cause undesirable
flutter echoes and standing waves. You can
dramatically enhance acoustics by adding
sound absorbing and sound diffusing panels
on opposing surfaces.
VISUAL ACOUSTICS
Concaves and domes are representative
of Visual Acoustics — designs that look
great to the eye but are usually disastrous
to the ear.
For instance, sound is reflected by
concave planes and domes, creating
hot spots of concentrated sound.
ROOM ADJACENCIES
CONSIDERATIONS
Good sound isolation is the result of effectively blocking the transmission of sound from one
room to another. It is one of the surest and most cost-effective ways to get the most out of your
Music Suite investment. Start by following these basic principles:
• Use full-height, sound-isolating walls, with an airtight seal to the building structure at both the
floor and roof deck.
• Buffer zones, such as corridors and storage rooms, are better sound isolators than single walls.
• Practice rooms should be quiet and are not effective buffers; put them as far away from major
rehearsal rooms as possible.
• If individual practice rooms must be near rehearsal rooms, separate them with sound
isolating walls and buffer zones.
• Modular practice rooms offer better sound isolation than most built-in rooms and also provide
greater flexibility. Costs are comparable, sound isolation is guaranteed, and they can be moved
or resized as needs evolve.
• Specify doors and windows that have an acoustical rating equal to the wall construction.
• Keep doors and windows to a minimum to reduce sound leakage.
11 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
SOUND ISOLATION
acoustics
CORRECT ROOM ADJACENCIES
Used as buffer zones, non-playing
areas — such as storage, offices
and corridors — are a far superior
means of isolating sound.
INCORRECT ROOM ADJACENCIES
Rehearsal and practice spaces placed
adjacent to one another make sound
isolation impossible without complex
and costly construction.
Band
Rehearsal
Room
Choral
Rehearsal
Room
Choral
Rehearsal
Room
Band
Rehearsal
Room
Storage
Storage
Office
Office
Corridor
Corridor
Office
Practice
Practice
Practice
Practice
Practice Practice
Practice
Practice Practice Practice
Practice
Practice
Storage
12
Critical Factor • Acoustics
WALL SEAMS
VENTILATION
Wall seams are a common source of sound leakage. Make certain that sealed construction is
noted in the design.
• Check wall seams at roof deck, floor, electrical outlets, and ventilation ducts.
• Spaces that allow air to move from room to room also allow sound to move from room to room.
• Note: An entire sound-isolated wall can be rendered ineffective by something as seemingly
insignificant as a room-to-room electrical box, or a gap as small as one-square-inch.
Use a continuous sealant at
both sides of the partition,
and at the top and bottom,
to prevent sound leakage.
Partition cavity creates a
sound insulation blanket.
CORRECT OUTLET PLACEMENT
Caulk outlet box openings
and perimeter joints to
prevent sound leakage.
WALL SEAM CONSTRUCTION
Place receptacle boxes
at least two feet apart to
guarantee at least one
stud between outlets.
3
/
4
" gypsum panels,
firecode core
Thermafiber insulation
INCORRECT OUTLET PLACEMENT
Receptacle boxes placed in direct
line from room to room create a
direct flow of sound.
Ventilation systems are notorious for transferring sound between rooms, especially between
practice and rehearsal rooms. The most effective solution is routing acoustically lined takeoff
branches into each room from the supply source placed outside the rooms. See page 17 for
additional information on mechanical systems.
Supply
Plenum return
Acoustically
lined takeoff
branches
Supply
Plenum return
INCORRECT VENTILATION
Direct ventilation supply ducts
channel mechanical noise and
carry sound directly from room
to room.
CORRECT VENTILATION
Individual takeoff branches
feed each room from the
supply duct positioned
outside the rooms.
13 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
acoustics
FREQUENCY RANGE
CONSIDERATIONS
ACOUSTICAL DEMANDS
Good acoustics are dependent upon the ideal combination of absorption and diffusion of
sound. Start with these basic principles:
• Music environments must be individually treated, depending upon their shape, volume, etc.
• An environment treated only with absorber panels will only reduce loudness. Diffusive
surfaces are necessary to scatter sound and improve communication from one part of
the room to another.
Choral Rehearsal up to 1.3 seconds
Band/Orchestra Rehearsal 0.8 - 1.0 seconds
Performance Area 1.25 - 2.25 seconds
ROOM REVERBERATION TIME
REVERBERATION TIMES
Every room is different, but ideal
reverberation times would fall
within these guidelines.
The frequency range of sound in the Music Suite is very different than the frequencies produced
in other areas of the school, and must be treated accordingly.
• Common finishing materials — such as carpet, drapes, and upholstery — absorb higher
frequencies but not lower frequencies.
• In rooms that only utilize high-frequency absorption, flutes, violins, sopranos and other high
frequency sounds, including the high overtones of most instruments, can be lost; intonation,
articulation and timing can be blurred; and critical listening becomes impossible.
• Similarly, the remaining low frequencies become overpowering, and acoustics within the
environment will lack clarity and become loud and boomy.
• All finishing materials must be evaluated for their effect on the variety of frequencies
produced within the music environment.
The dark shaded area represents frequencies
absorbed by typical finishing materials such
as carpets and drapes. The lighter shaded
area represents the lower frequencies that
are not so easily absorbed, resulting in
spaces that can be loud and boomy. Due
to the complexity of musical sound, and the
need to both absorb and diffuse specific
frequencies, it is critical that treatments be
specifically designed to cover this broad
range of needs and acoustical materials
be used which are rated by the frequencies
they are designed to affect.
The sound frequencies produced by different
instruments react differently when they
come into contact with different surfaces.
Flutes and violins, for example, produce
high frequency sounds which are easily
absorbed by a wide variety of common
materials. Tubas and drums, on the other
hand, produce low frequency sounds that are
more difficult to absorb; they also produce
easily absorbed overtones in higher frequency
ranges that are critical to good intonation.
Frequencies not
absorbed by typical
finishing materials
Frequencies
absorbed by
typical
finishing
materials
2000hz
1000hz
500hz
250hz
125hz
63hz
Approximate
Frequency
Musical
Pitc h
Approximate
F requency
2000hz
1000hz
500hz
250hz
125hz
63hz
ABSORPTION & DIFFUSION
The ideal Music Suite has the proper combination of absorption and diffusion to control excessive
loudness and scatter sound throughout the environment, providing a sense of “ensemble.”
Absorption
Sound absorption can generally be defined as the reduction of sound energy that occurs when
sound comes into contact with various surfaces and materials. When sound strikes a hard, dense
surface — such as a gymnasium floor — there is nominal absorption. When sound comes into
contact with thick, fibrous materials — such as a theater’s curtained walls and acoustical panels —
a great deal of sound energy can be absorbed, and less sound is reflected back toward its origin.
Diffusion
Sound diffusion can generally be defined as the scattering and redirection of sound caused by
acoustically reflective surfaces. Diffusion of musical sound is necessary so that it can be clearly
heard from all points in a facility. The extravagant ornamentation, columns and plaster work in
historic theaters, for example, provides many angled, acoustically reflective surfaces which result
in excellent diffusion.
• Different music environments require varying degrees of absorption and diffusion depending
upon shape, volume, etc.
• The right balance of absorption and diffusion is also necessary to create proper reverberation
times, which give instructors a more accurate account of student performance and progress.
14
Critical Factor • Acoustics
UNTREATED ROOM
• Parallel walls create flutter echo.
• Carpet, drapes and upholstery absorb higher
frequencies only.
• Remaining lower frequencies become
overpowering, reverberant and indistinct.
• Loudness is excessive and nearly impossible
to control.
TREATED WITH ABSORBER PANELS ONLY
• Panels absorb high and low frequencies,
reducing flutter echo and boomy sound.
• Loudness is also reduced, but overall acoustics
are unbalanced.
• Lack of diffuser panels severely limits
sound reflection, which adversely affects
communication within the ensemble.
TREATED WITH DIFFUSER PANELS ALSO
• The ideal combination of absorber and
diffuser panels creates an acoustically
balanced environment.
• Flutter echo, reverberation and boomy
sounds are eliminated.
• Loudness is controlled and balanced over
the full audible range.
• Performers hear themselves and others.
• Instructors hear balance with accuracy.
CONSIDERATIONS
CEILING FINISHES
FLOOR FINISHES
WALL FINISHES
Every surface in the music environment has a direct effect on how sound and acoustics
work within the environment. This can significantly impact the ability to hear and learn
differences in intonation, dynamics, articulation and balance (critical listening). The following
treatments affect the interior acoustics of the room.
• The ceiling is the largest unencumbered square footage area available for acoustical treatment.
• Suspended ceiling treatments create air space needed to trap low frequency sounds.
• Suspended fiberglass panels provide the broad range frequency absorption required for the
typical band room and are twice as effective as typical mineral board ceilings; plus, diffuser
panels can be hung from the suspended ceiling grid.
• Be sure to specify absorptive fiberglass, which is often identical in appearance to mineral-
board ceilings.
• Note: Ceiling height should always be measured from floor to suspended ceiling.
• Walls must be treated with a combination of absorber and diffuser panels.
• Absorption panels on the lower wall behind the percussion and lower brass sections will
significantly reduce loudness.
• The thicker the fiberglass treatment, the lower the frequency it can absorb. Three-inch fiberglass
is a good minimum thickness for effective, wide-range absorption of musical frequencies.
• Reflective diffusers are available in a variety of shapes and sizes.
• Carpeting absorbs high frequency sounds. If carpet must be used, select thin industrial carpet
that is nearly acoustically transparent.
• Excessive use of even thin carpet will reduce your ability to hear high frequency sounds.
• Most musicians prefer wood or other hard-finish floors for several reasons:
— Bare floors are easier to clean.
— Most performance areas are hard surfaces.
— Emptied water keys from brass instruments can make carpet stale and musty.
15 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
PASSIVE
ACOUSTICAL TREATMENTS
acoustics
Bowed
ceiling
diffuser
Pyramid
ceiling
diffuser
Ceiling air space
Glass fiber
suspended
ceiling (absorption)
Absorber
Panel
Convex
Diffuser Panel
Pyramid
Diffuser Panel
Quadratic
Diffuser Panel
CONSIDERATIONS
16
Critical Factor • Acoustics
Active Acoustics use electro-acoustic elements — advanced microphones, speakers, and
digital signal processing (DSP) — to positively treat acoustics.
It’s important that the space be treated with effective passive treatments before Active
Acoustics are installed. The environment must already have good sound isolation and
adequate cubic volume.
• An Active Acoustic System uses passive absorber panels as its foundation.
• Speakers replace diffuser panels to provide improved diffusion throughout the environment.
• Digital signal processing (DSP) can change the acoustics in the room with the push of a button.
• Acoustics in the room can be switched to simulate center stage of an auditorium, a recital hall,
or any other environment.
• This flexibility allows instructors and students to practice in environments that simulate the
acoustics of the space in which they frequently perform.
ACTIVE
ACOUSTICAL TREATMENTS
PASSIVE ACOUSTICS
Absorber and diffuser panels
applied to walls and ceilings
balance the way sound is
absorbed and distributed
within the environment.
Absorber
panel
Microphone
Speaker
Enhanced DSP
and electronics
Absorber
panel
Diffuser
panel
ACTIVE ACOUSTICS
Using a base of passive acoustic
treatments, active acoustics use
speakers, microphones and digital
signal processing (DSP) to simulate
acoustic environments for practice
and performance.
FURNISHINGS
• Instrument storage cabinets with solid doors reduce cubic volume, occupy wall space better
served by acoustical treatments. They should be kept outside of rehearsal rooms, if possible.
• Cabinets that must remain in rehearsal rooms should use grille doors. Unlike solid doors
which reduce volume, grille doors open cabinet interiors and act as diffusive surfaces.
• If the ceiling height of the rehearsal room is less than the recommendation (page 50),
consider using acoustic instrument storage cabinets to provide absorption and diffusion.
• Be cautious of furnishings that may resonate when exposed to high sound levels (things that
may buzz, rattle or ring). These can be distracting to the group, especially during music
passages that have dramatic changes in loudness.
ABSORPTION
Absorption is the reduction of reflected sound energy that occurs when sound comes into contact with various sur-
faces and materials. More information and diagrams can be found on page 5 of our
Acoustics Primer.
DIFFUSION
Diffusion is the scattering and reduction of sound that occurs when sound strikes an acoustically
reflective surface.
CONSIDERATIONS
17 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
acoustics
Airborne
sound
Transmitted noise
and vibrations
Structure-borne
sound
Floor slab
Vibrating mechanical
equipment bolted
to the floor
Column
Airborne
sound
Reduced level of
transmitted noise
and vibrations
Reduced
level of
structure-
borne sound
Floor slab
Mechanical equipment
located close to column
Column
Rigid
base
Unhoused
steel-spring
isolators
INCORRECT
Mechanical equipment bolted to the floor
transmits vibration directly to the structure.
This construction method is unacceptable
in the Music Suite.
CORRECT
Mechanical system vibration can be
reduced by mounting the equipment
on steel spring isolators.
Hissing. Humming. Blowing. Vibration. These typical mechanical sounds are so commonplace
we are rarely disturbed by them. Except in the Music Suite.
Your facility’s plans must avoid these disruptive sounds which can totally mask the music that
teachers and students are trying to make.
• The Music Suite is a physically active environment, requiring an air exchange rate that is
double that of other classrooms.
• Use larger ducts and vents with larger grilles to reduce the whooshing sounds caused by
increased air volume and velocity.
• Mechanical equipment causes vibration and should not be directly connected to the Music
Suite structure. It’s imperative that your HVAC contractor provide low vibration alternatives.
• Computer and electronic equipment labs also require additional air flow to cool the increased
heat generated by the equipment.
• Ventilation systems, notorious for transferring sound between rooms, can be quieted by
routing acoustically dampened and isolated takeoff branches into each room.
• The Music Suite has a lighting requirement of 70-100 foot candles necessary to help
musicians read music scores.
• Certain fluorescent lighting generates a slightly flat B-flat pitch, creating a constant sense
of discordance that can make it impossible for students to tune to concert A or concert B-flat.
Use fluorescent lights with electronic quiet-rated ballasts, or place ballasts outside the room.
• Place items such as drinking fountains outside of rehearsal rooms where compressor noise
won’t cause a distraction.
CRITICAL
FACTOR
floor plan
18
Critical Factor • Floor Plan
What is true in other areas of the school is not necessarily so in the Music
Suite. The Music Suite requires more square footage, per student, than any
other area of your school, and your floor plan must reflect that.
Space is only one concern. An effective Music Suite design must successfully
integrate the following elements:
• Floor space.
• Traffic flow.
• Access to related areas.
• Teacher monitoring.
• Flexibility for multiple activities and future needs.
The following section will make it clear how much space you need, why
you need it, and how you can put all of the above elements into a single,
effective floor plan.
CONSIDERATIONS
Wenger square footage recommendations are based on successful facilities and the physical
requirements of music education. We can assure you that reducing these figures will have an
adverse affect on your suite. Consider the following:
• Adequate room size is necessary to achieve effective acoustics.
• Music education is a physical activity; vocalists and instrumentalists need room to move.
• Instrumentalists need even more space than vocalists to accommodate instruments and
music stands.
• Student traffic is more concentrated and hurried in the Music Suite, as students must quickly
move from storage to rehearsal areas, and back again, during a single class period.
• Pianos, podiums, risers and other equipment require permanent space in the rehearsal room.
• Other items — such as sheet music, garments and instruments — also require additional storage.
• Plan for the program you expect in three to five years, including program growth, curriculum
changes, scheduling changes, computers and technology, expansion, etc.
19 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
FLOOR SPACE
floor plan
Choral Rehearsal Room
Electronic
Keyboard Lab
Ensemble
Practice
Room
Practice Rooms
Girl's
Dressing
Area
Boy's
Dressing
Area
Robe Storage
Uniform Storage
Choral
Lib.
Orch.
Lib.
Choral
Office
Orchestra
Office
Uniform
Storage
Orchestra Rehearsal Room
Band Rehearsal Room
Instrument Storage
Instrument Storage
General Storage
Band
Office
Band
Lib.
and
Instr.
Repair
Commons
To Parking
To Auditorium
Main
Entrance
An effective floor plan provides adequate space for vocalists and instrumentalists, who need room to perform. The
space also accommodates equipment, storage, and heavy student traffic, as well as the necessary cubic volume
for proper acoustics.
REHEARSAL ROOMS
When designing rehearsal rooms, remember that music is a physical activity. Instrumentalists
need space for their instrument and the elbow room to play it. Choir members need space for
vocal exercises and choreography. The space must also accommodate equipment and traffic flow.
For these reasons, and to meet acoustic requirements, we recommend the following guidelines.
You should start with a minimum of 1,800 square feet for choral and 2,500 square feet for
band even if the ensembles are small. Otherwise, use the “per vocalist” number if your group
is larger than 60-75 instrumentalists or 60-80 vocalists.
20
Critical Factor • Floor Plan
58'
44'
PERCUSSION SECTION
BRASS SECTION
WOODWIND
SECTION
TYPICAL
BAND REHEARSAL ROOM
LAYOUT
2,552 square feet
Typical seating arrangement
for 65 musicians
To-scale representation
FOLIO
CABINET
MUSIC
SORTING
STEREO
CABINET
CONDUCTOR
PIANO
48" - 60"
30" - 36"
depending on
instrument
TYPICAL CHAIR AND STAND SPACING FOR BAND REHEARSAL ROOMS
Band/Orchestra Rehearsal Room 2,500 sq. ft. minimum for 60-75 students 30-35 sq. ft. per instrumentalist*
ROOM RECOMMENDED FLOOR AREA FORMULA
BAND REHEARSAL ROOM GUIDELINES
*The total per-musician square-footage requirement is not equal to the foot-print of a musician within the room. Instead, it is a means for calculating
total additional rehearsal room size for larger groups and it takes into consideration additional space requirements such as aisles, storage, etc.
48" - 60"
18"
REHEARSAL ROOMS
21 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
floor plan
Choral Rehearsal Room 1,800 sq. ft. minimum for 60-80 students 20-25 sq.ft. per vocalist
ROOM RECOMMENDED FLOOR AREA FORMULA
REHEARSAL ROOM GUIDELINES
52'
35'
FOLIO
CABINET
STEREO
CABINET
DIRECTOR
PIANO
STANDING CHORAL RISERS
TYPICAL
CHORAL REHEARSAL ROOM
LAYOUT
1,820 square feet
Typical seating arrangement
for 72 musicians
To-scale representation
36" - 42"
30"
TYPICAL CHAIR SPACING FOR CHORAL REHEARSAL ROOMS
*The total per-musician square-footage requirement is not equal to the foot-print of a musician within the room. Instead, it is a means for calculating
total additional rehearsal room size for larger groups and it takes into consideration additional space requirements such as aisles, storage, etc.
PRACTICE ROOMS
STORAGE ROOMS
COMPUTER LAB
ADDITIONAL ROOMS
Small Practice individual practice 1 student 35-40 sq. ft.
Keyboard private lessons, keyboard practice 2 students 55-60 sq. ft.
Small Group small group practice and rehearsal 4 students 75-80 sq. ft.
Medium Group medium group practice and rehearsal 6 students 95-100 sq. ft.
Ensemble Practice group rehearsals and lessons, sectionals 15 students 350-450 sq. ft.*
ROOM PURPOSE MAXIMUM CAPACITY FLOOR SPACE
PRACTICE ROOM GUIDELINES
Instruments 600-800 square feet*
Choral Robes 2.5 sq. ft. per garment or 150-250 sq. ft.* (2-4 inches per hanging robe)
Band Uniforms 3 sq. ft. per garment or 300-400 sq. ft.* (4-5 inches per hanging uniform)
TYPE OF STORAGE FLOOR SPACE
STORAGE ROOM GUIDELINES
*Square footage requirements given are for a 60-80 member program.
22
Critical Factor • Floor Plan
Quality pre-engineered practice rooms are superior to most permanent rooms because they
guarantee sound isolation and can be moved or altered as needs change. Achieving an equivalent
level of sound isolation with built-in rooms usually requires construction that is more expensive
than pre-engineered rooms.
A properly designed Music Suite will have a mix of different size practice rooms to accommodate
all department activities.
The Music Suite requires more storage space than any other part of the school because of its
wide assortment of equipment, instruments and garments. See pages 26-31 for additional
storage information.
The most successful floor plans place a variety of application-specific rooms in strategic
locations. Your plan, at the very least, must provide adequate floor space for each room.
Electronic secured space, for classes and independent study, 11-21 workstations 500-750 sq. ft. minimum
Keyboard Lab requiring many electrical outlets with surge controls or 35-45 sq. ft.
per workstation
TYPE OF STORAGE REQUIREMENTS WORKSTATIONS FLOOR SPACE
COMPUTER LAB GUIDELINES
Computer labs have high square-footage requirements to accommodate MIDI and computer
workstations. They also require a surge-protected power source, multiple electrical outlets,
and indirect lighting to eliminate screen glare. They must be designed to provide multiple
connectivity via phone lines, coaxial cable and LAN (Local Area Networks).
Offices administrative needs, private lessons, equipment, piano 1 teacher 100-200 sq. ft.
Music Library sheet music storage music for 150-200 sq. ft.
150 students
Instrument Repair minor repair requiring sink, 8' counter, 1-3 people 50-75 sq. ft.
storage for parts and tools
Commons Area a gathering place to promote the department with large groups and 500-700 sq. ft.
conversation areas, awards displays, etc. activities
RECOMMENDED
ROOM PURPOSE ACCOMMODATES FLOOR AREA
ADDITIONAL ROOM GUIDELINES
*Additional ceiling height should be planned for larger practice rooms.
CONSIDERATIONS
23 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
TRAFFIC FLOW
floor plan
Good traffic flow must provide natural routes for large groups so they can get what they need from storage and take
their places as quickly and quietly as possible.
The Music Suite is a center of activity, and your floor plan must promote easy movement in
and out at all times.
• Large numbers of students enter and exit together within minutes; good traffic flow must
provide natural routes and adequate space for these groups.
• The start of class can be frenzied, as students find their music, get their instruments from
storage, and take their seats for rehearsal — all in a four-minute window.
• The time window at the end of class is just as small, as students rush to put away
instruments and music, gather their books, and get ready for their next class.
• Small groups often move from large rehearsal areas to smaller practice rooms in the
same period.
• Many individuals use the suite throughout the day for private lessons and study.
• Equipment and instruments are constantly moved from one part of the suite to another.
• Many activities are going on at once in the Music Suite, and traffic should be designed so
that the flow doesn’t disturb any activity or area within the suite.
• Traffic flow solutions include separate entry and exit doors to reduce congestion, a design
that moves traffic flow away from rehearsal areas to reduce distractions, and designing door-
ways, hallways, corners and ramps so they can facilitate the movement of large equipment.
Choral Rehearsal Room
Electronic
Keyboard Lab
Ensemble
Practice
Room
Practice Rooms
Girl's
Dressing
Area
Boy's
Dressing
Area
Robe Storage
Uniform Storage
Choral
Lib.
Orch.
Lib.
Choral
Office
Orchestra
Office
Uniform
Storage
Orchestra Rehearsal Room
Band Rehearsal Room
Instrument Storage
Instrument Storage
General Storage
Band
Office
Band
Lib.
and
Instr.
Repair
Commons
To Parking
To Auditorium
CONSIDERATIONS
24
Critical Factor • Floor Plan
An effective floor plan positions related areas adjacent to one another within the Music Suite,
and also positions the Music Suite itself in a strategic position within the school.
• The suite should be located near ramps, rather than stairways, to facilitate movement of
large equipment and instruments, such as timpani and pianos.
• Doorways should be wide and unobstructed. Hallways and corners should be wide enough
to accommodate grand pianos.
• The Music Suite is often busy with activities after hours and on weekends. Students and
instructors must have access to the suite at these times without opening the entire school.
Bathrooms and performance areas must also be nearby and accessible.
• The Music Suite should be located away from the general student traffic flow to reduce noise
and help prevent vandalism and disruption.
ACCESS TO RELATED AREAS
Choral Rehearsal Room
Electronic
Keyboard Lab
Ensemble
Practice
Room
Practice Rooms
Girl's
Dressing
Area
Boy's
Dressing
Area
Robe Storage
Uniform Storage
Choral
Lib.
Orch.
Lib.
Choral
Office
Orchestra
Office
Uniform
Storage
Orchestra Rehearsal Room
Band Rehearsal Room
Instrument Storage
Instrument Storage
General Storage
Band
Office
Band
Lib.
and
Instr.
Repair
Commons
To Parking
To Auditorium
Main
Entrance
Locate band instrument and uniform storage
adjacent to the band rehearsal room. Likewise,
the choral library and robe storage should be
adjacent to the choral rehearsal room.
Bathrooms or dressing rooms
should be near the suite so
students can quickly change into
and out of uniforms and robes.
The most efficient Music Suites are located
near the athletic field for marching band rehearsals,
near the auditorium for performances, and near a
parking lot for tour buses.
CONSIDERATIONS
CONSIDERATIONS
Music department faculty frequently supervise many students and several activities at one time.
They need to see as much of the suite as possible at all times to improve monitoring and control.
• Ideally, all areas of the Music Suite should be visible from suite offices.
• Offices should be centrally located, with large windows for clear sight lines.
• Offices should also have a clear view of entrances and exits.
Flexibility for multiple activities
Along with daily routines, an effective floor plan must also accommodate marching drills,
choreography practice for musicals, dance line rehearsals, even community events. Flexibility
within the suite is crucial.
• Rehearsal rooms should be able to be reconfigured easily for various uses.
• Use portable seated risers, instead of built-in tiered seating, for increased flexibility.
• Flat, open floors give you more space options for more activities.
• Portable equipment also frees you to make better use of space.
Flexibility for future needs
Start by estimating future enrollment, and recognize that technology will have an affect on your
suite. Plan for computer rooms and connections to cable, telephone and network lines.
25 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
TEACHER MONITORING
floor plan
FLEXIBILITY
To improve
monitoring,
Music Suite
offices should
have a clear
view of the
entire suite at
all times.
Choral Rehearsal Room
Electronic
Keyboard Lab
Ensemble
Practice
Room
Practice Rooms
Girl's
Dressing
Area
Boy's
Dressing
Area
Robe Storage
Uniform Storage
Choral
Lib.
Orch.
Lib.
Choral
Office
Orchestra
Office
Uniform
Storage
ge
ge
orage
Band
Office
Band
Lib.
and
Instr.
Repair
Commons
To Parking
To Auditorium
Main
Entrance
CRITICAL
FACTOR
storage
26
Critical Factor • Storage
Storage needs in the Music Suite are great and varied, and your floor plan
must provide adequate storage for instruments, robes, uniforms and music.
Because most music equipment is fragile, expensive and prone to theft and
vandalism, storage spaces must be durable and secured. You’ll also want to
make these vital elements your main concern throughout the process:
• Types of storage.
• Traffic flow.
• Security.
The following section will help you create a floor plan with the best storage
layout for your Music Suite.
CONSIDERATIONS
INSTRUMENT STORAGE
Clarinets
F. Horn
Alto Clarinet
Bass Clarinet
Bassoon
Piccolo
Flute
Oboe
Cornet
F. Horn
Trumpet
Tenor Sax
Trombone
Baritone Horn
Cornet
Snare Drum
Alto Sax
Cornet
Clarinet
Tenor Drum
Underestimating storage needs is a very common problem. Make sure you plan for enough
space and that the storage equipment you choose is durable and secure.
• Music instrument storage should also be large enough to store the student’s books, jacket, etc.
• Areas should maintain consistent, year-round temperature and relative humidity levels to help
prevent damage to instruments, such as cracking, loosening of glue joints, and corrosion.
• Temperature should remain constant between 65˚ and 72˚F, and relative humidity should stay
between 35% and 50%.
27 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
TYPES OF STORAGE
storage
Average distribution
of band instruments
INSTRUMENT PERCENT
piccolo 1%
oboe 3%
flute 12%
clarinet 24%
alto clarinet 3%
bass clarinet 3%
bassoon 4%
alto sax 5%
tenor sax 1%
baritone sax 1%
cornet/trumpet 14%
french horn 6%
baritone horn 4%
trombone 6%
tuba 4%
snare drum 6%
tenor drum 2%
base drum 1%
100%
Average distribution of
orchestra instruments
INSTRUMENT PERCENT
violin 25%
viola 19%
cello 14%
double bass 8%
flute 3%
clarinet 3%
trumpet 6%
trombone 4%
tuba 1%
french horn 11%
oboe 3%
bassoon 3%
100%
Bass Clarinet Fr. Horn Bass Drum
Sousaphone
Field Drum
Tuba
Tri-toms
Baritone Sax Baritone HornSnare Drum
Viola
Bassoon
Trombone
Cello
Clarinet
Flute - Oboe
Trumpet
Tuba String Bass String Bass Violin
Viola
Cello Cello Viola
F. Horn
Viola
F. Horn
F. Horn String Bass String Bass Cello Cello Cello
Typical set of cabinets for 100 Band Instruments
Typical set of cabinets for 50 Orchestra Instruments
Instrument 150-200 instruments 4 sq. ft. per instrument or 600-800 square feet*
TYPE OF STORAGE ACCOMMODATES FLOOR SPACE
INSTRUMENT STORAGE GUIDELINES
41'
41'
*Square footage requirements given are for a 60-80 member program.
GARMENT STORAGE
MUSIC LIBRARY
OTHER STORAGE NEEDS
Secure, ventilated storage will prevent mildew and protect robes, uniforms and other garments.
• Plan space in your main rehearsal rooms for portable storage of music folios, small
percussion instruments, and stereo/recording equipment.
• Portable storage units allow you to easily move instruments and equipment between
music areas.
28
Critical Factor • Storage
High-density storage lets you store the same number of titles in less than half the space of typical storage solutions.
Choral robes 100 robes 2.5 sq. ft. per garment or 150-250 square feet* (2-4 inches per hanging robe)
Band uniforms 100 uniforms 3 sq. ft. per garment or 300-400 square feet* (4-5 inches per hanging uniform)
TYPE OF STORAGE GARMENT QUANTITYFLOOR SPACE
GARMENT STORAGE GUIDELINES
500 35 sq. ft. 65 sq. ft.
1,000 70 sq. ft. 130 sq. ft.
2,000 140 sq. ft. 260 sq. ft.
3,000 210 sq. ft. 390 sq. ft.
HIGH DENSITY STORAGE SYSTEMS STANDARD FILE CABINETS
NUMBER OF TITLES FLOOR AREA REQUIRED FLOOR AREA REQUIRED
SHEET MUSIC STORAGE GUIDELINES
Few people outside of music departments realize how much space it takes to store sheet music.
Music libraries need to be convenient, so music can be located quickly, easily, and quietly.
• Place sheet music storage in or near the music director’s office to control access and security.
• Place storage systems in the corner of the room to maximize space utilization.
• Pull-out music storage designs work best on tile, wood, or other hard-finished surfaces.
• Plan for an adjacent area where you can quickly and easily sort, collect and distribute music.
High-density storage Standard 4-drawer file cabinets
*Square footage requirements given are for a 60-80 member program.
CONSIDERATIONS
Music Suite storage areas are prone to congestion. Without a floor plan that promotes smooth
traffic, valuable class time can be wasted.
• Instruments should be stored in a separate area outside the rehearsal room so students
can retrieve instruments without disturbing rehearsals.
• Instrument storage and robe/uniform storage rooms provide excellent sound isolation when
used as buffer zones between rehearsal rooms.
• If instruments must be stored in the band or rehearsal room, place the cabinets near
appropriate instrument sections to prevent confusion and congestion.
• Instrument cabinets in the rehearsal room should also use grille doors to help diffuse sound
and eliminate flutter echo. And unlike solid doors, grille doors don’t reduce cubic volume.
• Grille doors also allow visual inspection and increase ventilation.
• Cabinets should always be arranged to reduce congestion in any given area.
• Doors at each end of the instrument storage room promote excellent traffic flow and
eliminate congestion at the beginning and end of class.
• Allow a 3' minimum between cabinets and opposing walls, and 6' between rows of
facing cabinets to reduce the likelihood of instrument damage.
• Avoid placing double door cabinets next to one another to prevent doors from swinging into
each other. This will also make sure students don’t have to wait for another cabinet’s doors
to close to gain sufficient access to their own cabinet.
29 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
TRAFFIC FLOW
storage
rchestra
Office
Uniform
Storage
Band Rehearsal Room
t u e t Sto age
Instrument Storage
Band
Office
Doors at each end of instrument storage
rooms promote excellent traffic flow and help
eliminate congestion at the beginning and end
of class.
30
Critical Factor • Storage
Choral Rehearsal Room
Electronic
Keyboard Lab
Ensemble
Practice
Room
Practice Rooms
Girl's
Dressing
Area
Boy's
Dressing
Area
Robe Storage
Uniform Storage
Choral
Lib.
Orch.
Lib.
Choral
Office
Orchestra
Office
Uniform
Storage
Orchestra Rehearsal Room
Band Rehearsal Room
Instrument Storage
Instrument Storage
General Storage
Band
Office
Band
Lib.
and
Instr.
Repair
Commons
To Parking
To Auditorium
Main
Entrance
Storage areas provide excellent sound isolation when used as buffer zones between rehearsal rooms.
Instrument Storage Cabinets
Cabinets
Cabinets
F
L
U
T
E
S
F
L
U
T
E
S
C
L
A
R
I
N
E
T
S
F
L
U
T
E
S
C
L
A
R
I
N
E
T
S
B
A
S
S
C
L
A
R
I
N
E
T
S
A
X
O
P
H
O
N
E
S
C
L
A
R
I
N
E
T
S
F
R
E
N
C
H
H
O
R
N
B
A
R
I
T
O
N
E
S
A
X
T
R
U
M
P
E
T
S
T
R
O
M
B
O
N
E
S
P
E
R
C
U
S
S
I
O
N
P
E
R
C
U
S
S
I
O
N
B
A
R
I
T
O
N
E
S
T
U
B
A
• If instruments must be stored in the band or rehearsal room, place
the cabinets near appropriate instrument sections.
• Acoustic instrument storage cabinets are recommended for use in
this space.
INCORRECT
CABINET LAYOUT
Multi-compartment
cabinets placed
together or near a
room entrance will
create congestion.
CORRECT
CABINET LAYOUT
You’ll reduce congestion
and facilitate traffic flow
by putting cabinets with
many compartments next
to cabinets with only a few.
This will spread out students
as they retrieve or replace
their instruments.
CONSIDERATIONS
Expensive equipment and instruments are stored throughout the Music Suite, making
security a top priority for any successful facility.
• For maximum security, plan for separate, lockable rooms with lockable cabinets inside.
• Motion detectors help prevent unauthorized entry and vandalism of keyboards and
computers in the electronic media lab.
• Position storage rooms where they can be visually inspected from Music Suite offices.
• The Music Suite should be secured from the rest of the school for maximum security
during after-hours and weekend activities.
31 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
SECURITY
storage
Musical Instruments $100,000
Choral Robes $20,000
Band Uniforms $50,000
Sheet Music $100,000
Music Stands $3,000
Music Chairs $10,000
Choral Risers $3,000
Stereo Equipment $2,000
CD’s, Tapes, Records $1,000
Acoustical Shells $15,000
Computers $20,000
Electronic Keyboards $8,000
Total $332,000*
AMOUNT
EQUIPMENT INVESTED
The Music Suite stores some of the
school’s most costly investments,
making high security a top priority.
*Based on a typical music program
CRITICAL
FACTOR
equipment
32
Critical Factor • Equipment
The final step in planning your Music Suite is choosing equipment specially
designed for your music activities. And although furniture and equipment
are normally not included in the general building contract, your advanced
planning will make sure you have a budget large enough to purchase the
equipment you need.
The following section provides basic worksheets that will help you equip the
Music Suite with everything required for quality music education.
CONSIDERATIONS
Choose quality equipment for your Music Suite to ensure a successful, functional, durable
music environment. When selecting equipment, consider the following:
• Music Suite equipment should be considered a long-term investment that guarantees
priceless returns — successful music students.
• Sturdy, functional, well-designed equipment is not only your best long-term value, but it also
helps teachers and students get the most out of their daily efforts in the Music Suite.
• Chairs designed specifically for music posture help students produce better tone and thus
become better musicians.
• Chairs should be stackable for easy storage; chair carts make it easy to transport chairs
between performance and rehearsal areas.
• Music stands should be wobble-free and designed to withstand heavy use and abuse; stand
carts also make it easy to move stands between performance and rehearsal areas.
• Conductor’s equipment should match the conductor’s style and facilitate good teaching.
• Portable risers allow greater adaptability to changes in your music program and, unlike
poured concrete risers, they don’t reduce cubic volume or adversely affect acoustics.
• Flexibility is the key to selecting equipment. Choose products that adapt easily to changes
in the music environment and also facilitate changes to meet future needs.
33 Planning the Music Suite
CRITICAL
FACTOR
QUALITY EQUIPMENT
equipment
largest class size 75 75 60 20 - 20 - - - - - -
school-owned instruments 50 - 25 - - - - - - - - 75
music posture chairs 75 75 60 20 17 20 2 - - - - 267
chair storage carts 4 - 4 1 - - - - - - - 9
music posture chair with tablet arm - 30 - - - - - - - - - 30
music stands 65 - 50 20 17 - 2 - - - - 154
music stand storage carts 3 - 3 1 - - - - - - - 7
portable seated risers
1 set 1 set 1 set
--------
3 sets
portable standing choral risers, 6-unit set -
1 set
-----
1 set
-- -
2 sets
conductor’s chair, music stand, podium
1 set 1 set 1 set 1 set
---- -- -
4sets
piano/keyboard 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - 5
portable music folio cabinet, per room 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - 8
stereo equipment components
1 set 1 set 1 set
--
1 set
-- -- -
4 sets
cabinet for stereo equipment 1 1 1 - - 1 - - - - - 4
portable acoustical shell, 12-unit set - - - - - - -
1 set
-- -
1 set
computers 1 1 1 - - 20 1 - - - 24
electronic keyboards 1 1 1 - - 20 1 - - - - 24
workstation for computers/keyboards 1 1 1 - - 20 1 - - - - 24
teacher’s desk, per teacher - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1
teacher’s file cabinets, per teacher - - - - - - 2 - - - - 2
instrument storage - - - - - - - -
15 cab.
--15
sheet music storage - - - - - - - - -
6 units
-6
robes and uniforms - - - - - - - - - -
10 cab.
10
BAND REHEARSAL ROOM
CHORAL REHEARSAL ROOM
ORCHESTRA REHEARSAL ROOM
ENSEMBLE ROOM
PRACTICE ROOMS
ELECTRONIC MUSIC LAB
OFFICE
PERFORMANCE AREA
INSTRUMENT STORAGE ROOMS
MUSIC LIBRARY
GARMENT STORAGE
TOTAL
BUDGET
Furniture and
Equipment
Worksheet
SAMPLE
See page 46 for complete worksheet.
performance areas
34
Performance Areas
The performance space in your facility is where you showcase your work,
whether it’s large ensembles, chamber music, solos, or any number of other
performances. A significant amount of planning is necessary to
create the most functional space, and you’ll need to acknowledge certain
truths if you are to make your performance space a success:
• This is a complicated design task, requiring expert assistance.
• You are creating a shared space that is not dedicated to a single user.
• Even the most basic auditoriums are expensive to build.
• Your auditorium will house extensive amounts of expensive equipment.
CONSIDERATIONS
35 Planning the Music Suite
MULTIPLE USES
performance areas
Unlike practice and rehearsal spaces, which tend to have dedicated users, performance spaces
are typically used by many groups for many purposes.
• The music department uses these spaces for performances by bands, orchestras and choirs.
• The drama department uses these spaces to stage plays and musicals.
• The school administration uses these spaces for lyceums and meetings.
• Other schools, and even the community, use these spaces for an assortment of other needs.
• Creating an effective multiple-use facility requires that departments work together to meet
the needs of as many users as possible. This also increases the likelihood that you’ll receive
sufficient funding to build an effective facility.
• Because of the complexity of these spaces, an architect and other related consultants should
be contracted to design the facility within the appropriate budget and programming guidelines.
• Performance spaces must also accommodate many pieces of equipment, some large
and expensive.
• Establishing the specific needs of the music department requires thorough analysis of the
intended uses, or programming, of the space.
• Other departments using theses spaces should communicate their programming needs in a
similar perspective fashion.
SPECIFIC CHANGES
OTHER USES
ESTABLISHING NEEDS
36
Performance Areas
PROGRAMMING
A good place to start analyzing the musical requirements for your performance spaces is by
compiling a list of the sizes of recent and upcoming performances, paying particular attention
to performing group and audience sizes. Use the table below to create a specific list of needs.
List all performances, followed by anticipated growth or new uses. You’ll also want to create a
separate list of performances in other spaces, such as gymnasiums and cafetoriums, to give
yourself a complete picture of what you expect from your performance spaces.
Asking yourself the following questions, and writing down the answers, will help you crystallize
what you want — and don’t want — in your performance spaces:
• What do you appreciate most about your existing spaces?
• What features in your existing spaces would you most like to change?
• What general features, in order of importance, would you like to see in your new spaces?
Other users of the performance spaces should fill out the same table and answer the same
questions. Likely users include the following:
• The drama department, school administration, large lecture classes, other schools in the
district, community organizations, and concert series organizers.
• If you plan to build a multi-purpose space, such as a gymnasium or cafetorium,
non-performance uses should be included in the programming documents you prepare
for the architect.
DATE ENSEMBLE AUDIENCE STRIKE REHEARSAL
OF USE USER PERFORMANCE SIZE SIZE SET UP TIME TIME EQUIPMENT TIME NOTES
March 15 concert band spring concert 80 450 3 hours 2 hours shell, chairs. one day prior audience too big for
stand, podium to concert space. Need better
lighting
SAMPLE
Performance Areas
Programming Worksheet
As facility plans progress, your programming needs and budget will determine the final design
of the performance space.
• Before your plans proceed too far, you must determine the total number of performance
spaces within the facility.
• It’s often a smart use of space — and funds — to assign specific types of performances to
specific areas, including a theater, cafetorium, gymnasium, and outside.
See page 47 for complete worksheet.
AUDIENCE ACOUSTICS
ONSTAGE ACOUSTICS
STAGE SIZE
FACILITY SIZE
CONSIDERATIONS
Use the following guidelines to determine the space you’ll need on stage.
performance areas
For any music department, acoustics should be first on the list of design requirements. To
understand your acoustical needs, you’ll need to analyze the different uses of the space before
making appropriate design and construction recommendations.
• Acoustics within performance spaces are extremely complex. We recommend that you hire
an acoustical consultant.
• Acoustical needs for school performance spaces vary significantly. An acoustical consultant
will help make sure that you get the most out of your space and your budget.
• School facilities can be designed with variable acoustic elements, called Active Acoustics, as
well as other specialized equipment to meet more needs and satisfy more users.
37 Planning the Music Suite
AUDITORIUM ACOUSTICS
The size of the facility should be driven by programming needs and available budget.
• Major programs should be given priority when determining room volume and acoustic design.
• If instrumental music is the major user, for instance, then the acoustic needs of this group
should be the primary focus of the overall design.
* Adapted from Planning New or Renovated Music Facilities, Howard, Boner, Holden and Wetherill.
• These numbers do not reference total stage size — they are guidelines for space requirements
for performers only. You’ll also need to consider other space needs.
• Dramas and musicals typically require much more space.
• You’ll also need to take into account backstage, wing space, storage, etc.
• Overhead reflectors improve hearing.
• Stage walls enhance blend and balance.
• Risers improve seeing and hearing for ensembles.
• Stage shells help make theaters more usable as acoustic spaces.
• Small groups on a large stage need a chamber shell.
• Proper volume for this space is critical.
• A sloped floor generally improves both acoustics and sightlines.
• A balcony can add seats that aren’t too far from the stage.
• The space’s basic shape — fan, shoebox, etc — will have a significant impact.
Orchestra and Band 20-30 sq. ft. per person
Choir 3-4 sq. ft. per person
Sitting Choir 7-9 sq. ft. per person
STAGE SIZE GUIDELINES
PERFORMANCE SQUARE FOOTAGE REQUIREMENTS*
EARLY REFLECTIONS
38
Performance Areas
Relative ideal reverberation for various
types of performed music and speech.
SOUND ISOLATION
ACTIVE ACOUSTICS
REVERBERATION
The acoustical design of the performance space must ensure that sound reflects within certain
time intervals.
• Early reflections are critical for clarity and articulation.
• The areas directly around the stage, the shapes of the side walls, box and balcony details,
and the ceiling all reflect direct sound and greatly impact what the audience hears.
Proper reverberation creates the feeling of envelopment, richness and warmth.
• You achieve effective reverberation through the proper use of sound-absorptive and
diffusive/reflective materials.
• To accommodate a variety of acoustical needs, reverberation can be adjusted and
programming varied with the use of moveable banners, curtains and baffles.
Active Acoustics can be used in place of some architectural elements.
• Electronics help distribute sound in performance spaces with extra large audience areas
and balcony overhangs.
• Electronics can improve acoustics and enhance room volume that cannot be changed.
• Electronics can allow significant adjustment of acoustic properties.
Sound isolation is mandatory to eliminate noise and disruptions to performances.
• Effective designs eliminate outside disturbances, including traffic and weather.
• Adjacent spaces— such as classrooms, common areas, or other performance spaces —
must be isolated from the performance space.
• Mechanical and HVAC systems must be isolated so the noises they create are not heard in
the performance area. See page 17 for additional information on mechanical systems.
Adapted from
Theater Design
by George C. Izenour, McGraw
Hill, 1977
REVERBERATION TIME
REVERBERATION TIME
SPEECH SHORT
LONGSPEECH
MUSIC
MUSIC
Chanting
Liturgical music
Lecture
Drama
Broadcast
Organ
Chorus
Romantic symphony
Wagnerian opera
Classical symphony
Contemporary symphony
Concert band
Italian opera
Musical comedy
Piano
Chart adapted from Theater Design, by George C. Izenour,
McGraw Hill, 1977, diagram B.B.N.
CONSIDERATIONS
performance areas
Performances by school music programs require a significant and varied collection of equipment.
• Acoustic and sound equipment can include portable acoustical shells and sound systems used
for a variety of performances.
• Platforms and risers are typically used for large instrumental and choral ensembles, as well as
smaller jazz ensembles and show choirs.
• Furniture requirements include chairs and music stands for performers, a podium and stand for
conductors, and other varied pieces of equipment for musicians.
• Proper lighting is essential to allow musicians to see their music and help the audience see the
performance.
• Upright and grand pianos are commonly used in the performance area.
39 Planning the Music Suite
EQUIPMENT
CONSIDERATIONS
40
Performance Areas
An effective floor plan takes into account all the uses of the performance area, as well as
adjacent areas. You’ll also need to plan for the storage and movement of various equipment.
• Equipment and materials are commonly moved from rehearsal spaces into performance spaces
and back again.
• The performance area should be located in proximity to rehearsal and dressing rooms as
students with instruments and furniture frequently move between these spaces.
• Backstage areas are often used as warm-up spaces. Performers also use the backstage
area to change clothes, store their instrument cases, and wait for their performance.
• Traffic moves on and off stage throughout a performance. These adjacent areas should be
separated from the audience and foyer to prevent disturbances.
• You’ll need dedicated storage areas for many large pieces of equipment, including staging,
risers, shells, furniture and pianos.
• This equipment must be frequently moved into other areas to allow stage use by various groups.
• You’ll need an orchestra pit if musical theater, operetta and opera are part of your theater’s
programming. Extensions and covers make the pit usable at the stage and at several floor levels.
• Other performance area users will have significant equipment needs of their own.
FLOOR PLAN AND STORAGE
PROSCENIUM THEATER
performance areas
This theater type is probably the most common dedicated performance space found in high
schools throughout the U.S. because it accommodates so many users and so many needs.
• Inherent flexibility supports both drama and instrumental productions.
• An excellent space for a vast array of other formal uses.
41 Planning the Music Suite
DEDICATED SPACES
A sloped floor to
enhance both
acoustics and
sightlines.
An overall shape that
enhances acoustics
throughout the
performance space.
A balcony to add
seating within a
reasonable distance
from the stage at
a comfortable
viewing angle.
Overhead
reflectors for
improved hearing.
Risers for ensembles to
improve sightlines and
hearing.
Stage shells to help make
theaters more acoustically
usable spaces.
Chamber shells to enhance
the acoustics of small groups
on a large stage.
Stage walls for blend
and balance.
Proper volume
throughout the
space.
Backstage area for
scene/costume shop
and storage.
Lobby area for
ticketing and con-
cessions
Booth for
sound and
lighting
control.
High loft for
rigging lights,
curtains and
scenery.
Orchestra pit.
GYMNASIUM
CAFETORIUM
42
Performance Areas
Many schools, especially middle schools, use this multi-purpose space because it stretches
facility dollars by accommodating numerous functions.
• The cafeteria, commons areas, performance areas and large meeting areas can be creatively
combined to create a flexible, functional space that meets user and budget guidelines.
• These spaces generally lack the acoustics needed for music performances. But with proper
design elements and materials — including absorber and diffuser panels and acoustic shells
— these spaces can become very useful performance areas.
• These spaces also typically lack appropriate seating arrangements required for proper
audience sightlines and adequate lighting for both performers and the audience.
• Portable equipment — including shells, risers, and tiered seating — can also help make this
space functional for music, and it can be moved to other areas for other uses. Be sure to
plan for storage of this equipment.
Few spaces at the school are asked to accommodate so many needs.
• Besides a full schedule of athletic events — basketball, wrestling, gymnastics, volleyball,
phy ed classes — gymnasiums are also frequently used for dances, rallies, concerts and
more.
• On the plus side, gymnasiums provide ample space for large audiences and bleachers offer
fairly effective audience seating.
• On the downside, acoustics and lighting are often overlooked in the original design.
• Although gymnasiums are not ideal performance environments, proper planning can increase
their usefulness.
MULTI-PURPOSE SPACES
Performance
lighting.
Overhead
reflectors.
Absorber and diffuser panels on walls
to acoustically balance the space.
Tiered seating
area for improved
sightlines.
Proper-size,
raised
stage area.
Open area
for additional
seating.
Proper-size
audience
seating area.
Room volume promotes
proper level of reverberation.
Performance lighting.
Bleachers provide raised
seating for improved
sightlines.
Gymnasium dividers to reduce size and provide
proximity from performance to audience.
Raised stage with risers to
improve sightlines and acoustics.
Portable acoustical shell
provides early reflections.
Room volume promotes
proper level of reverberation.
Portable acoustical
shell provides
early reflections.
43 Planning the Music Suite
NOTES
GLOSSARY
Absorption
Absorption is the reduction of reflected sound
energy that occurs when sound comes into
contact with various surfaces and materials.
When sound comes into contact with thick,
fibrous materials such as drapery, a great deal
of sound energy can be absorbed and less
sound is reflected back toward its origin.
Active Acoustics
Active Acoustics use Passive Acoustics as
their base, but also use electro-acoustic
elements — speakers, microphones, digital
signal processing — to positively affect the
acoustics of an environment.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the scattering and redirection of
sound that occurs when sound strikes an
acoustically reflective surface. Diffusion is
necessary so that sound can be clearly heard
from all points in a facility. The extravagant
ornamentation in historic theaters, for example,
provides many angled, acoustically reflective
surfaces which result in excellent diffusion.
Echoes
Echoes are produced when different surfaces
reflect sound to a listener long after the direct
sound from the original source has already
been heard. Trombonists onstage often produce
echoes off the back wall of an auditorium. While
both absorbers and diffusers can be used to
control echoes, diffusers are generally preferred.
Flutter
Flutter occurs when a sound source is situated
between parallel, sound-reflecting surfaces. A
rim shot played on a snare drum inside an
untreated rectangular classroom will produce
the prolonged, buzzing sound of flutter.
Diffusers are generally the best cure for flutter.
Frequency
Frequency is the physical description of musical
pitch. A thick carpet absorbs a portion of the
high-frequency sounds of a piccolo but has little
effect on the low-frequency energy of a tuba.
Loudness
Excessive loudness occurs when an ensemble
plays in a room that is too small or acoustically
untreated. Absorber panels can help control
excessive loudness.
Masking
Masking occurs when a noise conflicts with
a musical sound similar or higher in pitch.
Building mechanical system noise can easily
mask the sound of basses and cellos in an
orchestra rehearsal hall.
Noise Criteria (NC)
Background noise within an environment is
measured via a Noise Coefficient, or NC.
Different spaces require different NC values.
Passive Acoustics
Passive Acoustics is the use of specially
designed products to treat the acoustics within
a room. These absorption and diffusion products
are applied or placed in a space to balance the
way sound is absorbed and distributed within
the treated environment.
Presence
Presence is achieved within a room when
the primary reflections of sound from room
surfaces, such as walls and ceilings, arrive
back at the musician’s ears within 30 to 80
milliseconds (thousands of a second). This
delay cannot be achieved without significant
room size — the distance from the musician
to the walls and ceiling — or active acoustics.
Reflection
Sound reflection off a hard, flat surface can be
compared to the reflection of light off a mirror.
Vocalists often stand back from the edge of a
stage so that their sound can be reflected off
the platform into the audience.
Resonance
Resonance is the emphasis of a particular
frequency. This may occur when there is vibration
of materials or furnishings that are exposed to
high sound levels. The sympathetic vibration
then may create a sound on its own.
Reverberation
Reverberation is the buildup of reflected sound
in an enclosure that affects the character and
quality of music. The sound of a band in a
fieldhouse is reverberant because it is reflected
many times before it dies away. The same
music played outdoors does not reverberate
because there are no walls or ceiling to contain
it. Absorbers are required to control excessive
reverberation.
Transmission
Sound transmission can occur through materials
as light as air or as dense as concrete and steel.
The sound of bouncing balls in a gymnasium is
transmitted into an adjacent choir room primarily
through the building structure while the majority
of the sound of a choir heard in an adjoining
corridor is transmitted through the gaps around
the rehearsal room door.
Visual Acoustics
Visual Acoustics are designs within the Music
Suite that feature visually attractive elements
that have an adverse affect on quality acoustics.
Curved walls and domed ceilings, for instance,
create hot spots where sound concentrates and
sound quality suffers. The domes and concave
walls, though pleasing to the eye, are terrible to
the ear.
44
Glossary
BAND REHEARSAL ROOM
Practice Rooms #_____
Band Office
Instrument Repair
Instrument Storage Room
Band Music Library
Ensemble Room
Marching Equipment Storage
Uniform Storage
Other
CHORAL REHEARSAL ROOM
Practice Rooms #_____
Choral Office
Choral Music Library
Ensemble Room
Choir Robe Storage
Other
ORCHESTRA REHEARSAL ROOM
Practice Rooms #_____
Orchestra Office
Instrument Storage Room
Orchestra Music Library
Ensemble Room
Uniform Storage
Other
ELECTRONIC MUSIC LAB
COMMONS/MAIN ENTRY WAY
45 Planning the Music Suite
PROGRAMMING WORKSHEET
Use this programming worksheet to determine the square footage you’ll need for a successful Music Suite. Be sure to
follow the Rule of Thumb Charts located on the inside back cover.
PROGRAMMING
PLANNING
WORKSHEET
MAJOR INSTRUCTION AREA RELATED ADJACENT SPACES ESTIMATED SQUARE FOOTAGE
46
Worksheets
EQUIPMENT WORKSHEET
Use this equipment worksheet to determine the types and amount of equipment you’ll need for your entire Music Suite.
Use the sample worksheet on page 33 as your guide
Largest class size
School-owned instruments
Music posture chairs
Chair storage carts
Music posture chair with tablet arm
Music stands
Music stand storage carts
Portable seated risers
Portable standing choral risers, 6-unit set
Conductor’s chair, music stand, podium
Piano/keyboard
Portable music folio cabinet, per room
Stereo equipment component
Cabinet for stereo equipment
Portable acoustical shell, 12-unit set
Computers
Electronic keyboards
Workstation for computers/keyboard
Teacher’s desk, per teacher
Teacher’s file cabinets, per teacher
Instrument storage
Sheet music storage
Robes and uniforms
Other
BAND REHEARSAL ROOM
CHORAL REHEARSAL ROOM
ORCHESTRA REHEARSAL ROOM
ENSEMBLE ROOM
PRACTICE ROOMS
ELECTRONIC MUSIC LAB
OFFICE
PERFORMANCE AREA
INSTRUMENT STORAGE ROOMS
MUSIC LIBRARY
GARMENT STORAGE ROOMS
TOTAL
BUDGET
EQUIPMENT
PLANNING
WORKSHEET
47 Planning the Music Suite
PERFORMANCE AREA
PROGRAMMING WORKSHEET
Use this performance area programming worksheet to help determine the requirements for your auditorium. You can
also use this worksheet for other performance areas such as the gymnasium or cafetorium.
DATE ENSEMBLE AUDIENCE STRIKE REHEARSAL
OF USE USER PERFORMANCE SIZE SIZE SET UP TIME TIME EQUIPMENT TIME NOTES
PERFORMANCE AREAS
PROGRAMMING
WORKSHEET
RESOURCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Acoustical Design of Music Educational Facilities, E. McCue and R.H., Talasee, Editors.
Published by the Acoustical Society of America, through the American Institute of Physics,
New York, NY 1990
• Architectural Acoustics
, M. David Egan, McGraw Hill Co., Publishers, New York, NY 1988
• Music Facilities: Building, Equipping, and Renovating
, Harold P. Geerdes, MENC 1987
• NASM Guide to New and Renovated Music Facilities
• Planning New or Renovated Music Facilities, by Michael R. Howard, Charles R. Boner,
Mark A. Holden, Ewart A. Wetherill. Presented at the National Association of Schools of Music
workshop, Dallas, November, 1996
• The School Music Program: Description and Standards
, 2nd Ed., Music Educators National
Conference, MENC 1986
• Theater Checklist
, from the American Theater Planning Board, Wesleyan University Press,
Middletown, CT, 1969
• Theater Design
, by George C. Izenour, McGraw Hill, 1977
48
Bibliography and Resources
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following resources are excellent places to find names, numbers and addresses of acoustic
and theater professionals.
• NCAC Directory
, National Council of Acoustical Consultants, 66 Morris Ave., Suite 1A,
Springfield, NJ 07081-1409, (201) 564-5859, FAX (201) 564-7480
• ASTC Directory of Theater Consultants
, American Society of Theater Consultants,
12226 Mentz Hill Road, St. Louis, MO 63128. (314) 843-9218, FAX (314) 843-4955
OTHER WENGER
PUBLICATIONS
The following are additional resources made available by your Wenger representative.
• An Acoustic Primer
• Acoustic Problems & Solutions
• Elementary Planning Guide
• Performance Spaces (coming soon)
49 Planning the Music Suite
CONSIDERATIONS
Wenger square footage recommendations are based on successful music facilities. And though
they may seem high to the inexperienced, they represent fifty years of determining what works
and what doesn’t in Music Suites all around the world. Reducing these figures in any way will
have an adverse affect on your suite’s success. Consider the following:
• Proper acoustics require specific amounts of space, measured in cubic volume.
• Music education is a physical activity that requires more space than other curriculum —
vocalists and instrumentalists need room to move and perform.
• Instructors need room to demonstrate, observe and also perform.
• Instrumentalists need more space than vocalists to accommodate their instruments and
music stands.
• Student traffic is more concentrated and hurried in the Music Suite and the floor plan must
provide adequate space to eliminate congestion and ensure excellent traffic flow.
• A vast amount of valuable equipment requires secure storage.
• You must plan space to meet expansion needs.
• Wenger square footage recommendations account for all the elements that make the Music
Suite a unique space with very specific — proven — space requirements.
• Rooms designed for choral music must have a minimum of 1,800 square feet and 28,800
cubic feet of volume, regardless of group size. Band rooms must be a minimum of 2,500
square feet and 45,000 cubic feet of volume, also regardless of group size. Groups larger
than 60 students should use the Rule of Thumb charts to determine adequate square footage.
THE CASE FOR SPACE
50
Rule of Thumb Guidelines
Use the following Rule of Thumb Guidelines to determine square footage and volume for your
Music Suite. These numbers are based on Wenger’s over 60 years of experience with success-
ful Music Suites around the world; reducing them will severely jeopardize the effectiveness of
your facility. We’ve also included rehearsal room guidelines for small, medium and large class
sizes for your convenience.
RULE OF THUMB GUIDELINES
Instrument 150-200 instruments 4 sq. ft. per instrument or 600-800 sq. ft.*
Choral robes 100 robes 2.5 sq. ft. per garment or 150-250 sq. ft.* (2-4 inches per hanging robe)
Band uniforms 100 uniforms 3 sq. ft. per garment or 300-400 sq. ft.* (4-5 inches per hanging uniform)
TYPE OF STORAGE ACCOMMODATES FLOOR SPACE
STORAGE AREAS
*Square footage requirements for a 60-80 member program.
Small Practice 2 students 35-40 sq. ft.
Keyboard 2 students 55-60 sq. ft.
Small Group 4 students 75-80 sq. ft.
Medium Group 6 students 95-100 sq. ft.
Ensemble Practice 15 students 350-450 sq. ft.*
ROOM ACCOMMODATES FLOOR SPACE
PRACTICE ROOMS
Offices 1 teacher 100-200 sq. ft.
Music Library music for 150 students 150-200 sq. ft.
Instrument Repair 1-3 people 50-75 sq. ft.
Commons Area large groups and activities 500-700 sq. ft.
ROOM ACCOMMODATES RECOMMENDED FLOOR AREA
ADDITIONAL ROOMS
500 35 sq. ft. 65 sq. ft.
1,000 70 sq. ft. 130 sq. ft.
2,000 140 sq. ft. 260 sq. ft.
3,000 210 sq. ft. 390 sq. ft.
HIGH DENSITY STORAGE SYSTEMS STANDARD FILE CABINETS
NUMBER OF TITLES FLOOR AREA REQUIRED FLOOR AREA REQUIRED
SHEET MUSIC STORAGE
Electronic Keyboard Lab 11-21 workstations 500-750 sq. ft.
TYPE OF STORAGE WORKSTATIONS FLOOR SPACE
COMPUTER LAB
Choral Rehearsal 60-80 students 1,800 sq. ft. 20-25 sq. ft.* 16-20 ft. 28,800-36,000 cu. ft.
Band/Orchestra Rehearsal 60-80 students 2,500 sq. ft. 30-35 sq. ft.* 18-22 ft. 45,000-55,000 cu. ft.
ROOM CLASS SIZE FLOOR AREA FLOOR AREA CEILING RESULTING CUBIC VOLUME
TOTAL PER MUSICIAN HEIGHT
REHEARSAL ROOMS
*The total per-musician square-footage requirement is not equal to the foot-print of a musician within the room. Instead, it is a means for calculating
total additional rehearsal room size for larger groups and it takes into consideration additional space requirements such as aisles, storage, etc.
*Additional ceiling height should be planned for larger practice rooms.
©2008 Wenger Corporation
US/1-08/5MLT0071C
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