Flora and Field Guide References supporting all US Army Corps of

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1

Wetlands Regulatory Assistance Program

Flora and Field Guide References

supporting all U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Wetland Regional Supplements

Robert Lichvar and Lindsey Dixon

November 2011

C o l d R e g i o n s R e s e a r c h

a n d E n g i n e e r i n g L a b o r a t o r y

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Cover: Mountain meadow, MT. (Photograph by Jesse Harris, shared by the Biota of North America Program.)

Wetlands Assistance Regulatory

Program

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1

November 2011

Flora and Field Guide References

supporting all U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Wetland Regional Supplements

Robert Lichvar and Lindsey Dixon

Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center

72 Lyme Road

Hanover, NH 03755

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Washington, DC! 20314-1000

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 ii

Abstract: Over the past few years, a series of Regional Supplements to

the 1987 U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) Wetland Delineation

Manual have been published, and currently the National Wetland Plant

List is being updated. To support these efforts, we generated a list of floras

and field guides for each USACE region—Alaska, Arid West, Atlantic and

Gulf Coastal Plain, Caribbean, Eastern Mountains and Piedmont, Great

Plains, Midwest, Northcentral and Northeast, Pacific Islands, and Western

Mountains, Valleys and Coast. Each list includes regional floras, state flo-

ras, local floras, regional field guides, state field guides, and local field

guides. We also prepared a list of floras and field guides that cover the en-

tire U.S. This list is divided into the following categories: forbs, shrubs,

trees, grasses and sedges, ferns, orchids, cacti and agave, and references

and help guides. The flora and field guide lists can serve as tools for wet-

land delineation and restoration, assigning of wetland indicator statuses to

vegetation species, and other vegetation activities.

DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes.

Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products.

All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to

be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.

DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 iii

Table of Contents

Preface ......................................................................................................................................................v!

1! Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1!

Background................................................................................................................................1!

Floras vs. Field Guides ..............................................................................................................2!

2! Methods............................................................................................................................................ 4!

3! Results .............................................................................................................................................. 6!

4! Discussion......................................................................................................................................... 7!

References............................................................................................................................................... 8!

Appendix A: All Regions......................................................................................................................... 9!

Appendix B: Alaska...............................................................................................................................14!

Appendix C: Arid West: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Colorado, Utah,

Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming........................................................................ 17!

Appendix D: Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana,

Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia,

Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky........................................33!

Appendix E: Caribbean Islands: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Barbados,

Bermuda, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curacao,

Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique,

Puerto Rico, Saba, St. Barts, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St.

Maarten, St. Martin, St. Vincent and The Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks

and Caicos, U.S. Virgin Islands.................................................................................................... 46!

Appendix F: Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois,

Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North

Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey................................51!

Appendix G: Great Plains: Montana, North Dakota, sliver of Minnesota, Wyoming,

South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas......................64!

Appendix H: Midwest: South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa,

Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio.........................................................76!

Appendix I: Northcentral and Northeast: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York,

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio,

Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana...................................................................87!

Appendix J: Pacific Islands: Hawaiian Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam.....................100!

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 iv

Appendix K: Western Mountains, Valleys and Coast: California, Oregon, Washington,

Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, South Dakota, Arizona, New Mexico............103!

Report Documentation Page

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 v

Preface

This report was prepared by Robert W. Lichvar and Lindsey Dixon, both of

the Remote Sensing/Geographic Information Systems (RS/GIS) and Wa-

ter Resources Branch, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

(CRREL), U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC),

Hanover, NH. This research was funded by the Wetland Regulatory Assis-

tance Program (WRAP) under the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Regula-

tory Program. This study was conducted under the general supervision of

Timothy Pangburn, Chief, RS/GIS and Water Resources Branch;

Dr. Justin B. Berman, Chief, Research and Engineering Division;

Dr. Lance Hansen, Deputy Director; and Dr. Robert E. Davis, Director.

Permission to publish was granted by Director, CRREL.

COL Kevin J. Wilson was the Commander of ERDC, and Dr. Jeffery P.

Holland was the Director.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 1

1 Introduction

Background

In 1995 the National Research Council recognized the need for “regionali-

zation” of wetland delineation approaches and methodologies based on

differences in climate, hydrologic and geologic conditions, and other wet-

land characteristics, concluding that a single national manual could not

take into consideration all of these ecological differences within the U.S.

Since 2006, the U.S Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) has released 10 in-

terim Regional Supplements to its Wetland Delineation Manual (Envi-

ronmental Laboratory 1987) as part of a nationwide effort to address re-

gional wetland characteristics that are important for identifying and

delineating wetlands. Each supplement is region specific and has an up-

dated wetland delineation procedure to improve accuracy and efficiency

(Wakeley 2002).

The National Wetland Plant List (NWPL) is also in the process of being

updated, led by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers in collaboration with the

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA), and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).

The NWPL has not been updated since 1988. During the initial develop-

ment of the plant list in 1988, a wetland fidelity rating system was created

that was based on habitat information obtained from floras and other lit-

erature combined with input from the collaborating agencies and others.

This rating system, based on each taxon’s frequency of occurrence in wet-

lands versus uplands, ultimately led to the five indicator statuses listed in

the 1988 list (i.e., obligate wetland, facultative wetland, facultative, facul-

tative upland, and obligate upland) (Lichvar and Minkin 2008). The proc-

ess for the current update follows guidelines that allow for more scientifi-

cally acceptable procedures (Lichvar and Minkin 2008). For the current

update, National and Regional Panels that have representatives from the

Corps, FWS, EPA, and NRCS were responsible for the first draft of the list,

which had specific categories of wetland plants reviewed by external pro-

fessional botanists. The list has been published in the Federal Register,

and Federal and state agencies and the public can provide input using a

web-based system, allowing more field knowledge and scientific informa-

tion to be considered when assigning a species a particular wetland indica-

tor status. After the NWPL update is completed in 2012, the website will

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 2

have annual reviews and regular nomenclatural updates, and any indicator

status can be challenged at any time, which will allow the website to con-

tain the most up-to-date indicator statuses (Lichvar and Minkin 2008).

Although the new indicator statuses will be based on the most recent sci-

entific data, floras will remain the place to identify plant species, as well as

important sources of habitat information.

The new Regional Supplements and updated NWPL both use the USACE

regions as boundaries (Wakeley 2002; Lichvar and Minkin 2008), which

represents an acknowledgment of the different environmental factors used

to develop the regions and the general plant distributions and floristic lit-

eratures associated with them. To augment these efforts, we have gener-

ated a list of floras and field guides for each of these regions, as well as a

separate list for the entire U.S. and its territories. These lists of references

can serve as a useful resource for wetland professionals for wetland de-

lineation and restoration, for developing species lists for various reasons at

a site, and for locating additional ecological information about species oc-

curring at these sites.

Floras vs. Field Guides

Floras and field guides are useful for plant identification, but they have

different audiences and layouts. Floras tend to be more technical and

comprehensive, often dealing with taxonomic interpretations. Field guides

typically use a more visual layman’s approach to identifying more of the

common species.

Flora can be defined in two ways. As defined by Dictionary.com (2010),

“flora” refers to “the plants of a particular region or period, listed by spe-

cies and considered as a whole.” As defined by the Oxford Virtual Field

Herbarium (Forest Research Programme 2010), “flora” refers to a book

that has detailed descriptions of all plants in a region, including dichoto-

mous keys and taxonomic details of species. Some authors prefer to capi-

talize “Flora” when referring to the publication and use the lowercase

“flora” when referring to the actual vegetation (Palmer et al. 1995). For the

purpose of this report, we will refer to the publications using the lowercase

“flora.”

The introductory sections of a typical flora usually present a history of

plant collectors who collected specimens in the area of the flora, as well as

information regarding the topography, geology, and landscape setting of

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 3

the study area. This section is usually followed by dichotomous keys that

guide the user to either families or genera, and lastly to the species level.

Most floras provide morphological descriptions of the species, and many

times they are accompanied by illustrations. Floras are intended for users

with some technical training and knowledge about plant morphology. Flo-

ras and technical manuals tend to be bulky and are not always suitable for

use in the field.

A field guide can be defined as a “book designed to be carried outdoors

and used to identify species of plants or other particulars of natural his-

tory” (Schmidt 1999). Field guides come in many varieties, unlike floras,

which tend to have a similar format and structure. The keys in field guides

also vary but most commonly include the styles of dichotomous, table, or

visual keys with illustrations or silhouettes of species to be identified. Field

guides tend to be portable (frequently pocket sized); illustrated with diag-

nostic drawings or photos of the species; and filled with descriptions of

physical details, habits, distribution, and other facts relevant to identifica-

tion. Field guides in general have less taxonomic and morphological detail

than floras and tend to include aspects of habitat and morphology that are

less essential for identification. Unlike floras, field guides are intended for

use by laypeople who lack experience and specific training in technical

identification of plants.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 4

2 Methods

A web-based search was performed to find all floras and field guides that

pertain to each USACE region: Alaska, Arid West, Atlantic and Gulf

Coastal Plain, Caribbean Islands, Eastern Mountains and Piedmont, Great

Plains, Midwest, Northcentral and Northeast, Pacific Islands, and Western

Mountains, Valleys and Coast (Figure 1).

Figure 1. U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Wetland Delineation Regions.

The largest database we searched in this effort was the International Field

Guides website at the University Library of the University of Illinois at Ur-

bana Champaign created by Diane Schmidt (Schmidt 1998). This resource

cites field guides for plants, animals, and other objects around the world.

To add to the initial list, a Google book search was performed for each

state to determine what sources were available. Also, general literature

searches were done across the nation to obtain additional citations to add

to the list. Once the initial draft list was compiled, the Regional Panels

were requested to review and revise it.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 5

The final step in developing the lists was cross-referencing and reviewing a

prior list of references developed by the Biota of North America Program

(BONAP) that was shared by Dr. John Kartesz and Misako Nishino

(Kartesz and Nishino 2010). The BONAP list included 406 botanical refer-

ences, of which we incorporated 137 into our lists. We narrowed the

BONAP list by deleting sources that we already had and selecting only

works that were published floras or field guides. Other references not used

from the BONAP list included atlases, bibliographies, bulletins, catalogues,

checklists, contributions, databases, indexes, internet resources, manu-

scripts, newsletters, proceedings, theses and dissertations, and unpub-

lished materials. Also, we chose not to include floras and field guides pub-

lished before 1900.

The final lists, which can be found in Appendices A–K by region alphabeti-

cally, are divided into regional floras, state floras, local floras, regional

field guides, state field guides, and local field guides. Each regional refer-

ence also lists all states or islands included in that region. The regional flo-

ras and field guides are usable in the entire USACE region and anywhere

throughout the region they cover. All references listed for a state are spe-

cific to that state and may extend into more than one region, depending on

how many regions are within that state. In this case, a state reference with

overlapping regions will be listed in all regions within which it falls. Local

floras and field guides apply to a very specific area within a region and are

typically smaller than the state floras and field guides. Local references can

include a number of areas, including a specific location, mountain range,

site, national monument, state park, or national park. These references

may also apply to multiple regions and are listed in all regions within

which the area occurs. Floras or field guides that fall into one group in one

region may fall into a different group within another, depending on the

area the reference encompasses and how much of that area falls within a

particular region.

We also compiled a list of floras and field guides that were applicable to all

regions. Field guides in this list are broken down into groups: forbs,

shrubs, trees, grasses and sedges, ferns, orchids, cacti and agave, and ref-

erences and help guides. The section on references and help guides in-

cludes references that describe plant terminology, plant identification

techniques, information about plant families, and other information that

may be useful when identifying plant species. Some of the references on

this list may not apply to the Caribbean and Pacific Island Regions.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 6

3 Results

In the list of all regions, there are 19 floras and 57 field guides that can be

applied to the entire U.S. and its territories. Table 1 shows the number of

regional, state, and local floras and field guides for each USACE region.

The regional lists can be found in the appendices. Total numbers in the ta-

ble include multiple volumes; for example, the Intermountain Flora

(Cronquist et al. 1972) in the Arid West region has seven volumes, so it

was counted as seven floras for that region. Alaska has no regional floras

or field guides as the region only encompasses one state. State floras and

field guides in the Caribbean and Pacific Islands are replaced with island

floras and field guides. A total of all the references has not been calculated

because references overlap within the regions.

Table 1. Number of regional, state, and local flora and field guides in each

USACE region.

USACE Region

Botanical

Reference

Regional

State

Local

Total

Floras

Alaska

Fields Guides

Floras

Arid West

Field Guides

208

Floras

Atlantic and Gulf

Coastal Plain

Field Guides

173

Floras

Caribbean Islands

Field Guides

Floras

Eastern Mountains and

Piedmont

Field Guides

151

Floras

Great Plains

Field Guides

150

Floras

Midwest

Field Guides

123

Floras

Northcentral and

Northeast

Field Guides

156

Floras

Pacific Islands

Field Guides

Floras

Western Mountains,

Valleys and Coast

Field Guides

209

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 7

4 Discussion

The flora and field guide lists for each USACE region can serve as a litera-

ture resource in support of wetland delineation and restoration, biological

surveys, and other vegetation activities. These compiled lists of floras and

field guides provide an overview of existing botanical resources available

for use in identifying wetland, as well as non-wetland, species for both the

professional and non-professional. When using floras and fields in con-

junction with the NWPL, it should be noted that the NWPL has the most

recent updated nomenclature, while many floras and field guides do not.

The NWPL provides a function where you can view synonyms and infra-

specifics of the species updated nomenclature.

Floras and field guides are making a transition from hard-copy books to

digital products. This overview provides a state-of-the-science list of pub-

lished hard-copy treatments. The works listed here typically can be ob-

tained from libraries, bookstores, or publishers. These hard-copy refer-

ences can generally be used in the field or office. In the future, more

floristic works and field guides will be published digitally for access online.

Those digital applications will be developed for use on desktop computers

as well as hand-held field devices. We expect that digital publishing will

become standard for floras and field guides.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 8

References

Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, and J. L. Reveal. 1972. Intermountain

Flora. Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden Press.

Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual.

Technical Report Y-87-1. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways

Experiment Station. http://el/erdc.usace.army.mil/wetlands/pdfs/wlman87.pdf.

Dictionary.com. 2010. Flora. Retrieved December 13, 2010.

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/flora.

Forest Research Programme. 2010. The virtual field herbarium. The spectrum of botanical

literature. Retrieved November 30, 2010. Department of Plant Sciences,

University of Oxford.

http://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/vfh/references/botanical_literature.html#Floras.

Kartesz, J., and M. Nishino. 2010. The Biota of North America Program.

http://www.bonap.org/index.html.

Lichvar, R., and P. Minkin. 2008. Concepts and procedures for updating the National

Wetland Plant List. ERDC/CRREL TN-08-3. Hanover, NH: U.S. Army Engineer

Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering

Laboratory. https://rsgis.crrel.usace.army.mil/NWPL_CRREL/docs/ERDC-

CRREL_TN-08-3.pdf.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Palmer, M. W., G. L. Wade, and P. Neal. 1995. Standards for writing of floras. BioScience

(45)5: 339–345.

Schmidt, D. 1998. International field guides: A web supplement to A Guide to Field

Guides Online. http://www.library.uiuc.edu/bix/fieldguides/main.htm.

Schmidt, D. 1999. A guide to field guides: Identifying the natural history of North

America. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited.

Wakeley, J. S. 2002. Developing a “regionalized” version of the Corps of Engineers

Wetlands Delineation Manual: Issues and recommendations. ERDC/EL TR-02-

20. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center,

Environmental Laboratory.

http://www.usace.army.mil/CECW/Documents/cecwo/reg/dev_reg_wetlands.p

df.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 9

Appendix A: All Regions

Floras

Britton, N. L., and A. Brown. 1970. Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and

Canada. New York: Courier Dover Publications.

Fassett, N. C., and E. C. Ogden. 2006. A Manual of Aquatic Plants. Second edition.

Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993–2010. Flora of North America

North of Mexico. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Volume 1. Introduction. 1993.

Volume 2. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. 1993.

Volume 3. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. 1997.

Volume 4. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. 2003.

Volume 5. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2. 2005.

Volume 7. Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. 2010.

Volume 8. Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. 2009.

Volume 19. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 1. 2006.

Volume 20. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 2. 2006.

Volume 21. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 3. 2006.

Volume 22. Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part),

and Zingiberidae. 2000.

Volume 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. 2002.

Volume 24. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae (part 1). 2007.

Volume 25. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae (part 2). 2003.

Volume 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. 2002.

Volume 27. Bryophyta: Mosses, part 1. 2007.

Hitchcock, A. S. 1971. Manual of the Grasses of the United States. Second edition.

Volumes 1 and 2. New York: Courier Dover Publications.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 10

Field Guides

Forbs

Case, F. W., and R. B. Case. 1997. Trilliums. Portland, OR: Timber Press.

Clausen, R. T. 1975. Sedum of North America North of the Mexican Plateau. Ithaca, NY:

Cornell University Press.

Cope, E. A., and W. C. L. Muenscher. 2001. Muenscher’s Keys to Woody Plants: An

Expanded Guide to Native and Cultivated Species. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University

Press.

Correll, D. S. 1962. The Potato and its Wild Relatives: Section Tuberarium of the Genus

Solanum. Renner, TX: Texas Research Foundation.

Hermann, F. J. 1960. Vetches in the U.S.—Native, Naturalized and Cultivated.

Agricultural Handbook No. 168. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of

Agriculture.

Isley, D. 1998. Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States

(exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii). Provo, UT: Monte L. Bean Life Science

Museum, Brigham Young University.

Kaufman, S. R., and W. Kaufman. 2007. Invasive Plants: A Guide to Identification,

Impacts, and Control of Common North American Species. Mechanicsburg, PA:

Stackpole Books.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1987. Wildflowers: A Quick Identification Guide to the Wildflowers

of North America. New York: Macmillan.

Muenscher, W. C. 1944. Aquatic Plants of the United States. Ithaca, NY: Comstock

Publishing Associates.

Nicholls, G. 2002. Alpine Plants of North America. Portland, OR: Timber Press.

Pavlick, L. 1995. Bromus of North America. Victoria, British Columbia: Royal British

Columbia Museum.

Phipps, J. B., R. J. O’Kennon, and R. W. Lance. 2003. Hawthorns and Medlars. Portland,

OR: Timber Press.

Readers Digest Editors. 1998. North American Wildlife: Wildflowers. New York, NY:

Reader’s Digest.

Rollins, R. C. 1979. Dithyrea and a Related Genus (Cruciferae). Cambridge, MA: The

Bussey Institution of Harvard University.

Rollins, R. C. 1993. The Cruciferae of Continental North America. Stanford, CA: Stanford

University Press.

Rollins, R. C., and E. A. Shaw. 1973. The Genus Lesquerella (Cruciferae) in North

America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 11

Stubbendieck, J. L., S. L. Hatch, and L. M. Landholt. 2003. North American Wildland

Plants: A Field Guide. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Vander Kloet, S. P. 1998. The Genus Vaccinium in North America. Publication 1828.

Ottawa, Ontario: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

Venning, F. D. 1984. Wildflowers of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New

York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.

Wherry, E. T. 1995. The Genus Phlox. Philadelphia, PA: Associates of Morris Arboretum.

Zim, H. S., and A. C. Marin. 1987. Flowers: A Guide to Familiar American Wildflowers.

New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.

Zim, H. S., and A. C. Marin. 1991. Trees: A Guide to Familiar American Trees. New York,

NY: Golden Press.

Shrubs

Cope, E. A., and W. C. L. Muenscher. 2001. Muenscher’s Keys to Woody Plants: An

Expanded Guide to Native and Cultivated Species. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University

Press.

Symonds, G. W. D. 1963. The Shrub Identification Book: The Visual Method for the

Practical Identification of Shrubs, Including Woody Vines and Ground Covers.

New York: HarperCollins.

Trees

Brockman, C. F., and R. A. Merrilees. 2001. Trees of North America: A Field Guide to the

Major Native and Introduced Species North of Mexico. New York, NY:

Macmillan.

Cassie, B. 1999. National Audubon Society First Field Guide: Trees. New York, NY:

Scholastic.

Cope, E. A., and W. C. L. Muenscher. 2001. Muenscher’s Keys to Woody Plants: An

Expanded Guide to Native and Cultivated Species. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University

Press.

Elias, T. S. 1989. Field Guide to North American Trees. Danbury, CT: Grolier Book Clubs.

Farrar, J. L. 1995. Trees of the Northern United States and Canada. Ames, IA: Iowa State

University Press.

Mitchell, A., and D. More. 1987. Trees of North America. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay

Press.

Mohlenbrock, R. H., and J. W. Thieret. 1987. Trees: A Quick Reference Guide to Trees of

North America. New York: Macmillan.

Petrides, G. A., and R. T. Peterson. 1998. Peterson First Guide to Trees. Boston, MA:

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 12

Preston, R. J., and R. R. Braham. 2002. North American Trees. Ames, IA: Iowa State

University Press.

Rushforth, K., and C. Hollis. 2006. National Geographic Field Guide to the Trees of

North America. Washington. DC: National Geographic Society.

Rushforth, K., G. Tomblin, and A. Winterbotham. 2004. The Easy Tree Guide: Common

Native and Cultivated Trees of the United States and Canada. Guilford, CT:

Globe Pequot.

Sargent, C. S. 1922. Manual of the Trees of North America. Boston, MA: Houghton

Mifflin.

Symonds, G. W. D. 1958. The Tree Identification Book: A Method for the Practical

Identification and Recognition of Trees. Toronto: George J. McLeod.

Grasses and Sedges

Barkworth, M. E., L. K. Anderton, K. M. Capels, S. Long, and M. B. Piep (editors). 2007.

Manual of Grasses for North America North of Mexico. Logan, UT: Utah State

University Press.

Harrington, H. D. 1977. How to Identify Grasses and Grasslike Plants. Athens, OH: Ohio

University.

Knobel, E., and M. E. Faust. 1977. Field Guide to the Grasses, Sedges and Rushes of the

United States. Second edition. New York, NY: Dover Publications.

Pohl, R. W. 1978. How to Know Grasses. Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown Company.

Silveus, W. A. 1942. Grasses: Classification and Description of Species of Paspalum and

Panicum in the United States. San Antonio, TX: Published by the author.

Ferns

Lellinger, D. B. 1985. A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States

and Canada. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Mickel, J. T. 1979. How to Know the Ferns and Fern Allies. Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown

Company.

Wherry, E. T. 1961. The Fern Guide. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Co.

Orchids

Brown, P. M. 2003. The Wild Orchids of North America, North of Mexico. Gainesville,

FL: University Press of Florida.

Correll, D. S. 1978. Native Orchids of North America North of Mexico. Palo Alto, CA:

Stanford University Press.

Luer, C. A. 1975. The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida.

Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 13

Petrie, W. 1981. Guide to Orchids of North America. Blaine, WA: Hancock House.

Williams, J. G., and A. E. Williams. 1983. Field Guide to Orchids of North America, From

Alaska, Greenland, and the Arctic, South to the Mexican Border. New York:

Universe Books.

Cacti and Agave

Benson, L. 1982. The Cacti of the United States and Canada. Chicago, IL: Stanford

University Press.

Gentry, H. S. 1982. Agaves of the Continental North America. Tucson, AZ: University of

Arizona Press.

References/Help Guides

Harrington, H. D., and L. W. Durrell. 1957. How to Identify Plants. Athens, OH: Ohio

University, Swallow Press.

Harris, J. G., and M. W. Harris. 1994. Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated

Glossary. Spring Lake, UT: Spring Lake Publishing.

Mickel, J. T. 1979. How to Know the Ferns and Fern Allies. Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown.

Prescott, G. W. 1969. How to Know Aquatic Plants. Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown.

Smith, J. P., Jr., and K. E. Simpson. 1977. Vascular Plant Families. Eureka, CA: Mad

River Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 14

Appendix B: Alaska

Regional/State Floras

Anderson, J. P. 1961. Flora of Alaska and Adjacent Parts of Canada: An Illustrated

Descriptive Text of all Vascular Plants Known to Occur Within the Region

Covered. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.

Anderson, J. P., and S. L. Welsh. 1974. Anderson’s Flora of Alaska and Adjacent Parts of

Canada. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press.

Hulten, E. 1941. Flora of Alaska and Yukon. Lund, Sweden: C.W.K. Gleerup.

Hulten, E. 1968. Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories: A Manual of the Vascular

Plants. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Local Floras

Hulten, E. 1960. Flora of the Aleutian Islands and Westernmost Alaska Pennisula, with

Notes on the Flora of the Commander Islands. Second edition. Weinheim,

Germany: J. Cramer.

Racine, C. H., and J. H. Anderson. 1979. Flora and vegetation of the Chukchi-Imuruk

area. In Biological Survey of the Bering Land Bridge National Monument (H. R.

Melchoir, ed.). Revised final report, Biology and Resource Management Program.

38-113. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of

Alaska.

Wiggins, I. L., and J. H. Thomas. 1962. A Flora of the Alaska Arctic Slope. Special

Publication No. 4, Arctic Institute of North America. Toronto: University of

Toronto Press.

Field Guides

Regional Field Guides

AKEPIC-Alaska Exotic Plant Information Clearhouse. 2005. Invasive Plants of Alaska.

Anchorage, AK: Alaska Association of Conservation Districts.

Argus, G. W. 1973. The genus Salix in Alaska and the Yukon. National Museum of

Natural Science, Publications in Botany No. 2. Ottawa, Ontario: National

Museums of Canada.

Center for Lakes and Reservoirs, Portland State University. 2009. Introduction to

Common Native and Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska.

Anchorage, AK: Alaska Department of Fish and Game Coastal Program and

Aquatic Invasive Species Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 15

Dunn, D. B., and J. M. Gillett. 1966. The Lupines of Canada and Alaska. Research

Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture, Monograph No. 2. Ottawa, Canada:

Queens’s Printer.

Lipkin, R., and D. F. Murray. 1997. Alaska Rare Plant Field Guide. Washington, DC: U.S.

Department of the Interior.

Little, E. L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western

Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Murray, D. F. 1980. Threatened and Endangered Plants of Alaska. Washington, D.C.:

U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service and U.S. Department of the

Interior Bureau of Land Management.

Petrides, G. A. 2005. Trees of the Pacific Northwest. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole

Books.

Pratt, V. 1990. Field Guide to Alaskan Wildflowers. Anchorage, AK: Alaskakrafts

Publishing.

Spellenberg, R. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers,

Western Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf

Tande, G. F., and R. Lipkin. 2003. Wetland Sedges of Alaska. Anchorage, AK: Alaska

Natural Heritage Program, Environment and Natural Resources Institute,

University of Alaska Anchorage.

Taylor, R. J., and G. W. Douglas. 1995. Mountain Plants of the Pacific Northwest: A Field

Guide to Washington, Western British Columbia, and Southeastern Alaska.

Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing.

Viereck, L. A., and E. L. Little. 1974. Guide to Alaska Trees. Washington, DC: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Viereck, L. A., and E. L. Little. 2007. Alaska Trees and Shrubs. Second edition.

Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Press.

White, H. A. 1974. The Alaska-Yukon Wild Flowers Guide. Anchorage, AK: Alaska

Northwest Publishing.

Local Field Guides

Burt, P. 1991. Barrenland Beauties: Showy Plants of the Arctic Coast. Yellowknife, North

West Territories: Outcrop The Northern Publisher.

Clark, L. J., and J. G. S. Trelawny. 2004. Lewis Clark’s Field Guide to Wild Flowers of the

Sea Coast in the Pacific Northwest. Third edition. Madeira Park, British

Columbia: Harbour Publishing.

Collet, D. M. 2002. Willows of South Central Alaska. Soldotna, AK: Kenai Watershed

Forum.

Collet, D. M. 2004. Willows of Interior Alaska. Soldotna, AK: U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service, Anchorage and Kenai Watershed Forum.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 16

DeVelice, R. L. 2001. Vascular Plant Identification Guide: Chugach National Forest.

Anchorage, AK: USDA, Forest Service, Chugach National Forest.

Druehl, L. D. 2001. Pacific Seaweeds: A Guide to Common Seaweeds of the West Coast.

Madeira Park, British Columbia: Harbour Publishing.

Fagan, D. 2006. Pacific Northwest Wildflowers: A Guide to Common Wildflowers of

Washington, Oregon, Northern California, Western Idaho, Southeast Alaska

and British Columbia. Guilford, CT: Morris Book Publishing.

Golodoff, S. 2003. Wildflowers of Unalaska Island: A Guide to the Flowering Plants of

an Aleutian Island. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Press.

Hall, J. K. 1995. Native Plants of Southeast Alaska. Juneau, AK: Windy Ridge Publishing.

Hughes, J. W., and W. H. Blackwell. 1987. Wildflowers (and other Plant Life) of

Southeast Alaska: An Identification Guide. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt

Publishing.

MacKinnon, A., and J. Pojar. 2004. Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington,

Oregon, British Columbia and Alaska. Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine

Publishing.

McMinn, H. E., and E. Maino. 1980. An Illustrated Manual of Pacific Coast Trees.

Second edition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

O’Clair, R. M., and S. C. Lindstrom. 2000. North Pacific Seaweeds. Auke Bay, AK: Plant

Press.

Pratt, V. E. 1991. Wildflowers along the Alaska Highway from Dawson Creek, BC to

Delta Junction and on to Fairbanks, AK. Anchorage, AK: Alaskarafts.

Pratt, V. E. 1993. Wildflowers of Denali National Park. Anchorage, AK: Alaskakrafts.

Studebaker, S. 2010. Wildflowers and Other Plant Life of the Kodiak Archipelago.

Kodiak, AK: Sense of Place Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 17

Appendix C: Arid West: Texas, New Mexico,

Arizona, California, Colorado, Utah, Nevada,

Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming

Regional Floras

Cronquist, A., et al. 1972–2005. Intermountain Flora: Vascular Plants of the

Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden Press.

Volume 1. Geological and Botanical History of the Region, its Plant Geography

and Glossary. The Vascular Cryptogams and the Gymnosperms.

Cronquist, A., A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, and J.L. Reveal. 1972.

Volume 2, Part B. Subclass Dilleniidae. Cronquist, A., N.H. Holmgren, and P.K.

Holmgren. 2005.

Volume 3, Part A. Subclass Rosidae (except Fabales). Cronquist, A., N.H.

Holmgren, P.K. Holmgren, and J.L. Reveal. 1997.

Volume 3, Part B. Fabales. Cronquist, A., A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, J.L.

Reveal, P.K. Holmgren, and R.C. Barneby. 1990.

Volume 4. Subclass Asteridae (except Asteraceae). Cronquist, A., A.H.

Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, J.L. Reveal, and P.K. Holmgren. 1984.

Volume 5. Asterales. Cronquist, A., A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, J.L. Reveal,

and P.K. Holmgren. 1994.

Volume 6. The monocotyledons. Cronquist, A., A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren,

J.L. Reveal, and P.K. Holmgren. 1994.

State Floras

Allfred, K. W. 2008. Flora Neomexicana I: The Vascular Plants of New Mexico. Las

Cruces, NM: New Mexico State University.

Baldwin, B. G., S. Boyd, B. J. Ertter, R. W. Patterson, T. J. Rosatti, D. H. Wilken, and M.

Wetherwax. 2002. The Jepson Desert Manual: Vascular Plants of Southeastern

California. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.

Correll, D. S., and M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of Vascular Plants of Texas. Renner,

TX: Texas Research Foundation.

Davis, R. J. 1952. Flora of Idaho. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.

Harrington, H. D. 1979. Manual of the Plants of Colorado: For the Identification of the

Ferns and Flowering Plants of the State. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms

International.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 18

Jepson, W. L., and J. C. Hickman. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of

California. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.

Kartesz, J. T. 1987. A Flora of Nevada. Reno, NV: University of Nevada.

Kearney, T. H., and R. H. Peebles. 1960. Arizona Flora. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and

London: University of California Press.

Lundell, C. L. 1961–1969. Flora of Texas. Renner, TX: Texas Research Foundation.

Volume 1. 1966.

Volume 2. 1969.

Volume 3. 1961.

Martin, W. C., and C. R. Hutchins. 1980–1981. A Flora of New Mexico. Vaduz, Germany:

J. Cramer.

Volume 1. 1980.

Volume 2. 1981.

Mason, H. L. 1957. A Flora of the Marshes of California. Los Angeles, CA: University of

California Press.

Munz, P. A., and D. D. Keck. 1968. A California Flora: Supplement. Berkeley, Los

Angeles, and London: University of California Press.

Piper, C. V. 1906. Flora of the State of Washington. Washington, DC: Government

Printing Office.

Porter, C. L. 1962. A Flora of Wyoming. Laramie, WY: Agricultural Experiment Station,

University of Wyoming.

Rydberg, P. A. 1906. Flora of Colorado. Fort Collins, CO: The Agricultural Experiment

Station of the Colorado Agricultural College.

Tidestrom, I., and P. Ross. 1969. Flora of Utah and Nevada. Port Jervis, NY: Lubrecht

and Cramer.

Welsh, S. L., N. D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L. C. Higgins. 2007. A Utah Flora. Provo,

UT: Brigham Young University.

Wooton, E. O., and P. C. Standley. 1915. Flora of New Mexico. Washington, DC:

Government Printing Office.

Local Floras

Abrams, L. 1964. An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and

California. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Volume 1: Ophiogloassaceae to Aristolochiaceae, Ferns to Birthworts.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 19

Volume 2: Polygonaceae to Krameriaceae, Buckwheats to Kramerias.

Volume 3: Geraniaceae to Scrophulariaceae, Geraniums to Figworts.

Volume 4: Bignoniaceae to Compositae, Bignonias to Sunflowers.

Arnow, L. A., B. J. Albee, and A. M. Wyckoff. 1980. Flora of the Central Wasatch Front,

Utah. Second edition Revised. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Printing

Service.

Beatley, J. C. 1976. Vascular Plants of the Nevada Test Site and Central-Southern

Nevada: Ecologic and Geographic Distributions. Prepared for the Division of

Biomedical and Environmental Research, U.S. Energy Research and

Development Administration. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information

Service.

Beattie, R. K. 1914. Flora of the Southeastern Washington and Adjacent Idaho. Published

by the author and C.V. Piper.

Beauchamp, R. M. 1986. A Flora of San Diego County, California. National City, CA:

Shearwater River Press.

Best, C., J. T. Howell, W. Knight, I. Knight, and M. Wells. 1996. A Flora of Sonoma

County. Sacramento, CA: California Native Plant Society.

Fletcher, M. 1983. A Flora of Hollister Ranch, Santa Barbara County, California.

Herbarium Publication No. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: University of California.

Goodrich, S., and E. Neese. 1986. Uinta Basin Flora. USDA Forest Service publication in

cooperation with USDA Forest Service Ashley National Forest and USDI BLM

Vernal District. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Haukos, D. A., and L. M. Smith. 1997. Common Flora of the Playa Lakes. Lubbock, TX:

Texas Tech University Press.

Howell, J. T. 1970. Marin Flora: Manual of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Marin

County, California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Jepson, W. L. 1911. A Flora of Western Middle California. Second edition. San Francisco,

CA: Cunningham, Curtiss and Welch.

Junak, S., Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, and California Native Plant Society. 1995. A

Flora of Santa Cruz Island. Santa Barbara, CA: Santa Barbara Botanic Garden in

collaboration with the California Native Plant Society.

Layser, E. F. 1980. Flora of Pend Oreille County, Washington. Pullman, WA: Washington

State University, Cooperative Extension.

Magney, D. L. 1986. A Flora of Dry Lakes Ridge, Ventura County, CA. Herbarium

Publication No. 5. Santa Barbara, CA: University of California.

Mason, H. L. 1957. A Flora of the Marshes of California. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and

London: University of California Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 20

Munz, P. A. 1974. A Flora of Southern California. Berkeley, CA: University of California

Press.

Raven, P. H., and H. J. Thompson. 1966. Flora of the Santa Monica Mountains,

California. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.

Shreve, F., and I. L. Wiggins. 1975. Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert.

Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Smith, C. F. 1998. A Flora of the Santa Barbara Region, California. Santa Barbara, CA:

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.

St. John, H. S. 1963. Flora of Southeastern Washington and of Adjacent Idaho.

Escondido, CA: Outdoor Pictures.

Thomas, J. H. 1961. Flora of the Santa Cruz Mountains of California. Stanford, CA:

Stanford University Press.

Wallace, G. D. 1985. Vascular Plants of the Channel Islands of Southern California and

Guadalupe Island, Baja California, Mexico. Contributions in Science No. 365.

Los Angeles, CA: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.

Webber, J. M. 1953. Yuccas of the Southwest. Agriculture Monograph 17. Washington,

DC: USDA Forest Service.

Weber, W. A., and R. C. Wittman. 2001. Colorado Flora: Eastern Slope. Boulder, CO:

University Press of Colorado.

Weber, W. A., and R. C. Wittman. 2001. Colorado Flora: Western Slope. Boulder, CO:

University Press of Colorado.

Wiggins, I. L. 1980. Flora of Baja California. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Field Guides

Regional Field Guides

Anderson, E. F. 2001. The Cactus Family. Portland, OR: Timber Press.

Arno, S. F., and R. P. Hammerly. 1977. Northwest Trees. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers.

Baerg, H. J. 1973. How to Know the Western Trees. Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown.

Benson, L., and R. A. Darrow. 1954. The Trees and Shrubs of the Southwestern Desert.

Second edition. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Bernstein, A. 1988. Native Trees of the Northwest: A Pocket Guide. Grants Pass, OR:

New Leaf Books.

Bever, D. N. 1981. Northwest Conifers: A Photographic Key. Portland, OR: Binford and

Mort.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 21

Bowers, J. 1987. 100 Roadside Wildflowers of Southwest Woodlands. Tucson, AZ:

Southwest Parks and Monuments Association.

Bowers, J. E. 1989. 100 Desert Wildflowers of the Southwest. Tucson, AZ: Southwest

Parks and Monuments Association.

Bowers, J. E. 1993. Shrubs and Trees of the Southwest Deserts. Tucson, AZ: Southwest

Parks and Monuments Association.

Brown, P. M. 2006. Wild Orchids of the Pacific Northwest and Canadian Rockies.

Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

Carter, J. L., M. A. Carter, and D. J. Stevens. 2003. Common Southwestern Native

Plants: An Identification Guide. Silver City, NM: Mimbres Publishing.

Correll, D. S., and H. B. Correll. 1972. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Southwestern

United States. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Crittenden, M. 1992. Trees of the West. Blaine, WA: Hancock House.

Crittenden, M., and D. W. Telfer. 1992. Wildflowers of the West. Surrey, British

Columbia: Hancock House.

Ditomaso, J. M., and E. A. Healy. 2003. Aquatic and Riparian Weeds of the West.

Publication 3421. Oakland, CA: University of California Agriculture and Natural

Resources.

Ditomaso, J. M., and E. A. Healy. 2007. Weeds of California and Other Western States,.

Publication 3488. Oakland, CA: University of California Agriculture and Natural

Resources.

Volume 1: Aizoaceae–Fabaceae.

Volume 2: Geraniaceae–Zygophyllaceae.

Doge, N. N. 1985. Flowers of the Southwest Deserts. Tucson, AZ: Southwest Parks and

Monuments Association.

Earle, W. H. 1980. Cacti of the Southwest: Arizona, Western New Mexico, Southern

Colorado, Southern Utah, Southern Nevada, Eastern California. Phoenix, AZ:

Rancho Arroyo.

Elmore, F. H. 1976. Shrubs and Trees of the Southwest Uplands. Globe, AZ: Southwest

Parks and Monuments Association.

Engard, R. G. 1989. The Flowering Southwest: Wildflowers, Cacti, and Succulents in

Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah. Tucson,

AZ: Great Impressions.

Fagan, D. 2006. Pacific Northwest Wildflowers: A Guide to Common Wildflowers of

Washington, Oregon, Northern California, Western Idaho, Southeast Alaska

and British Columbia. Helena, MT: Morris Book Publishing.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 22

Fischer, P. C. 1989. 70 Common Cacti of the Southwest. Tucson, AZ: Southwest Parks

and Monuments Association.

Foxx, T. S. 1984. Flowers of the Southwestern Forests and Woodlands. Los Alamos, NM:

Los Alamos Historical Society.

Foxx, T. S., and D. Hoard. 1995. Flowering Plants of the Southwestern Woodlands. Los

Alamos, NM: Otowi Crossing Press.

Gould, F. W. 1977. Grasses of the Southwestern United States. Tucson, AZ: University of

Arizona Press.

Harrar, E. S., and J. G. Harrar. 1962. Guide to Southern Trees. Second edition. New York:

Dover Publications.

Johnson, C. G. 1998. Common Plants of the Inland Pacific Northwest. Portland, OR:

USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region.

Kinucan, E. S., and P. R. Brons. 1991. Wild Wildflowers of the West. Fourth edition. Clark

Fork, ID: Kinucan and Brons.

Leake, D. V. D., J. B. Leake, and M. L. Roeder. 1993. Desert and Mountain Plants of the

Southwest. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

Little, E. L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western

Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

McKelvey, S. D. 1938!1947. Yuccas of the Southwestern United States, Parts 1 and 2.

Jamaica Plains, MA: Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University.

McMinn, H. E., and E. Maino. 1980. An Illustrated Manual of Pacific Coast Trees.

Second edition. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California

Press.

Mielke, J. 1993. Native Plants for Southwestern Landscapes. Austin, TX: University of

Texas Press.

Miller, M. 1982. Saguaro: The Desert Flower Book. Boulder, CO: Johnson Books.

Niehaus, T. F. 1976. A Field Guide to Pacific States Wildflowers: Field Marks of Species

Found in Washington, Oregon, California, and Adjacent Areas: A Visual

Approach Arranged by Color, Form and Detail. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Perryman, B. L., and Q. D. Skinner. 2007. A Field Guide to Nevada Grasses. Lander, WY:

Indigenous Rangeland Management Press.

Petrides, G. A., and O. Petrides. 1998. A Field Guide to Western Trees: Western United

States and Canada. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Petrides, G. A., and O. Petrides. 2005. Trees of the American Southwest. Mechanicsburg,

PA: Stackpole Books.

Petrides, G. A., and O. Petrides. 2005. Trees of the Pacific Northwest. Mechanicsburg,

PA: Stackpole Books.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 23

Quinn, M. 2000. Wildflowers of the Desert Southwest. Tucson, AZ: Rio Nuevo

Publishers.

Quinn, M. 2001. Cacti of the Desert Southwest. Tucson, AZ: Rio Nuevo Publishers.

Rickett, H. W. 1966–1973. Wild Flowers of the United States. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Volume 3: Texas.

Volume 4: The Southwestern States.

Spellenberg, R. 1986. Familiar Flowers of North America: Western Region. New York:

Alfred A. Knopf.

Spellenberg, R. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers,

Western Region. New York: Knopf.

Strickler, D. 1993. Wayside Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest. Columbia Falls, MT:

Flower Press.

Stuckey, M., and G. Palmer. 1998. Western Trees. Helena, MT: Falcon Press.

Taylor, R. J. 1990. Northwest Weeds: The Ugly and Beautiful Villains of Fields, Gardens,

and Roadsides. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Company.

Taylor, R. J. 1992. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary. Missoula, MT:

Mountain Press Publishing Company.

Taylor, R. J. 1998. Desert Wildflowers of North America. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press

Publishing Company.

Turner, M., and P. Gustafson. 2006. Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest. Portland, OR:

Timber Press.

Underhill, J. E. 1986. Sagebrush Wildflowers. Blaine, WA: Hancock House.

Vines, R. A. 1960. Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of the Southwest. Austin, TX:

University of Texas Press.

Vitt, D. H., J. E. Marsh, and R. B. Bovey. 1988. Mosses, Lichens, and Ferns of Northwest

North America: A Photographic Field Guide. Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine

Publishing.

Whitson, T. D., L. C. Burrill, S. A. Dewey, D. W. Cudney, B. E. Nelson, R. D. Lee, and R.

Parker. 2002. Weeds of the West. Ninth edition. Laramie, WY: University of

Wyoming.

State Field Guides

Ajilvsgi, G. 2002. Wildflowers of Texas. Fredericksburg, TX: Shearer Publishing.

Allred, K. W. 2005. A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico. Third edition. Las

Cruces, NM: New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 24

Andrews, J. 1986. The Texas Bluebonnet. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Beetle, A. A., and K. L. Johnson. 1982 (repr. 1996). Sagebrush in Wyoming. Bulletin 779.

Laramie, WY: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming.

Beetle, A. A., and M. May. 1971. Grasses of Wyoming. Research Journal 39. Laramie, WY:

Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming.

Bensen, L. D. 1969. The Native Cacti of California. Stanford, CA: Stanford University

Press.

Bowers, N., R. Bowers, and S. Tekiela. 2008. Wildflowers of Arizona Field Guide.

Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

Bowers, N., R. Bowers, and S. Tekiela. 2009. Wildflowers of Texas Field Guide.

Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

Carter, J. L. 1997. Trees and Shrubs of New Mexico. Boulder, CO: Mimbres Publishing.

Carter, J. L. 2006. Trees and Shrubs of Colorado. Silver City, NM: Mimbres Publishing.

Carter, J. L. n.d. Gymnosperms of New Mexico. Published by the Author.

Coleman, R. A. 1995. The Wild Orchids of California. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University

Press.

Coleman, R. A. 2002. The Wild Orchids of Arizona and New Mexico. Ithaca, NY: Cornell

University Press.

Correll, D. S. 1956. Ferns and Fern Allies of Texas. Renner, TX: Texas Research

Foundation.

Cox, P. E., and P. Leslie. 1988. Texas Trees: A Friendly Guide. San Antonio, TX: Corona

Publishing.

Crampton, B. 1974. Grasses in California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Dittmer, H. J., E. F. Castetter, and O. M. Clark. 1954. The Ferns and Fern Allies of New

Mexico. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.

Dorn, R. D. 2001. Vascular Plants of Wyoming. Third edition. Denver, CO: Mountain

West Publishing.

Epple, A. O., and L. E. Epple. 1995. A Field Guide to Plants of Arizona. Guilford, CT:

Globe Pequot Press.

Faber, P. M., and R. R. Holland. 1988. Common Riparian Plants of California: A Field

Guide for the Layman. Mill Valley, CA: Pickleweed Press.

Gaines, X. M., and D. G. Swan. 1972. Weeds of Eastern Washington and Adjacent Areas.

Spokane, WA: Camp-Na-Bor-Lee Associates.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 25

Gehlbach, F. R., L. M. Shields, and J. Crispin. 1965. Vascular Plants of Carlsbad Caverns

National Park, New Mexico, and Adjacent Guadalupe Mountains (New Mexico-

Texas). Carlsbad, NM: Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

Gould, F. W. 1975. The Grasses of Texas. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University

Press.

Grillos, S. J. 1966. Ferns and Fern Allies of California. Berkeley, CA: University of

California Press.

Guard, J. B., and J. Christy. 1995. Wetland Plants of Oregon and Washington. Redmond,

WA: Lone Pine Publishing.

Guennel, G. K. 2004–2005. Guide to Colorado Wildflowers. Englewood, CO: Westcliffe

Publishers.

Volume 1: Plains and Foothills. 2004.

Volume 2: Mountains. 2005.

Hallsten, G. P., Q. D. Skinner, and A. A. Beetle. 1987. Grasses of Wyoming. Laramie, WY:

Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming.

Hatch, S. L., and J. Pluhar. 1993. Texas Range Plants. College Station, TX: Texas A&M

University Press.

Ivey, R. D. 2003. Flowering Plants of New Mexico. Fourth edition. Published by the

author.

Jensen, E. C., and C. R. Ross. 2005. Trees to Know in Oregon. Corvallis, OR: Oregon

State University Extension Service.

Johnston, M. C. 1990. The Vascular Plants of Texas. Austin, TX: Published by the author.

Kuhns, M. R. 1998. Trees of Utah and the Intermountain West: A Guide to Identification

and Use. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press.

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Larrison, E. J. 1974. Washington Wildflowers, Including 1134 Species of Wildflowers

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 26

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 27

Oregon Natural Heritage Program. 1995. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants and

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Tekiela, S. 2007. Trees of Colorado Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

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Tekiela, S. 2008. Trees of Arizona Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

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Wills, M. M., and H. S. Irwin. 1961. Roadside Flowers of Texas. Austin, TX: University of

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Belzer, T. J. 1984. Roadside Plants of Southern California. Missoula, MT: Mountain

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Blackwell, L. R. 2005, Great Basin Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Common Wildflowers

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Bowers, J. E. 1998. Flowers and Shrubs of the Mojave Desert. Tucson, AZ: Southwest

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 29

Buchanan, H. 1992. Wildflowers of Southwestern Utah: A Field Guide to Bryce Canyon,

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Faber, P. M., and R. F. Holland. 1982. Common Wetland Plants of Coastal California: A

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 30

Hermann, F. J. 1970. Manual of the Carices of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 31

Metcalf, W. 1959. Native Trees of the San Francisco Bay Region. Berkeley, CA:

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of Northern California. Oakland, CA: University of California, Agriculture and

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and Adjacent Areas of Southwestern Arizona. Master’s thesis. Las Cruces, NM:

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CA: California Native Plant Society.

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Snags and Logs in the Interior Columbia River Basin. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept.

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 32

Spellenberg, R. 2003. Sonoran Desert Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Common Species of

the Sonoran Desert, Inlcuding Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, Saguaro

National Park, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Ironwood Forest

National Monument, and the Sonoran Portion of Joshua Tree National Park.

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Antelope Valley. Lancaster, CA: Flowerwatcher Publishing.

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Yarborough, S. C., and A. M. Powell. 2002. Ferns and Fern Allies of the Trans-Pecos and

Adjacent Areas. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 33

Appendix D: Atlantic and Gulf Coastal

Plain: Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas,

Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida,

Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina,

Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey,

Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky

Regional Floras

Barbour, A, and S. Barbour. 1995. Wild Flora of the Northeast. New York, NY: Penguin

Group USA.

Cronquist, A. 1980. Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States. Volume 1:

Asteraceae. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern

United States and Adjacent Canada. Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden.

Holmgren, N. H. 1998. Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist’s Manual. New

York, NY: New York Botanical Garden.

Isley, E. 1990. Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States. Volume 3, Part 2:

Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Small, J. K. 2004. Manual of the Southeastern Flora: Being Descriptions of the Seed

Plants Growing Naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Eastern Louisiana,

Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Caldwell, NJ:

Blackburn Press.

Weakley, A. S. 2010. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC:

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

State Floras

Clark, O. M. 1928. The Arborescent Flora of Oklahoma. Laramie, WY: University of

Wyoming.

Correll, D. S., and M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of Vascular Plants of Texas. Renner,

TX: Texas Research Foundation.

Duncan, W. H., and J. T. Kartesz. 1981. Vascular Flora of Georgia. Athens, GA:

University of Georgia Press.

Gandhi, K. N., and R. D. Thomas. 1989. Asteraceae of Louisiana. Dallas, TX: BRIT Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 34

Gattinger, A. 1901. The Flora of Tennessee and a Philosophy of Botany. Nashville, TN:

Gospel Advocate Publishing.

Harvill, A. M. 1970. Spring Flora of Virginia. Parsons, WV: McClain Printing.

Lundell, C. L. 1961–1969. Flora of Texas. Renner, TX: Texas Research Foundation.

Volume 1. 1966.

Volume 2. 1969.

Volume 3. 1961.

Meijer, W. 1971. Tree Flora of Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky.

Meijer, W., and R. Cranfield. 1992. Herbaceous Flora of Kentucky. Lexington, KY:

University of Kentucky.

Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the

Carolinas. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Smith, E. B. 1994. Keys to the Flora of Arkansas. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas

Press.

Stemen, T. R., and W. S. Meyers. 1929. Spring Flora of Oklahoma, with Key. Oklahoma

City, OK: Harlow Publishing.

Stemen, T. R., and W. S. Meyers. 1937. Oklahoma Flora (illustrated). Oklahoma City,

OK: Harlow Publishing.

Steyermark, J. A. 1940. Spring Flora of Missouri. St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical

Garden.

Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press

Stones, M., and L. Urbatsch. 1991. Flora of Louisana. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisana State

University Press.

Tatnall, R. R. 1946. Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore. Wilmington, DE: Society

of Natural History of Delaware.

Thieret, J. W. 1967. Flora of Louisiana. Lafayette, LA: University of Southwestern

Louisana.

Weakley, A. B. 2002. Flora of the Carolinas and Virginia. Chapel Hill, NC: Published by

the author.

Weakley, A. S. 2010. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC:

University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical

Garden, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (Work in progress on the

Web) (http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm)

Wunderlin, R. R., and B. F. Hansen. 2000. Flora of Florida. Volume 1. Phteridophytes

and Gymnosperms. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 35

Local Floras

Diggs, G. M., Jr., B. L. Lipscomb, M. D. Reed, and R. J. O’Kennon. 2006. Illustrated

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Hitchcock, A. S., and P. C. Standley. 1919. Flora of the District of Columbia and Vicinity.

Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.

Gunn, C. R., T. M. Pullen, E. A. Stadelbacher, J. M. Chandler, and J. Barnes. 1980.

Vascular Flora of Washington County, Mississippi, and Environs. New Orleans,

LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration.

Jones, F. B., E. Jackson, and Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation. 1977. Flora of

the Texas Coastal Bend. Second edition. Sinton, TX: Welder Wildlife Foundation.

Jones, R. L., and P. S. White. 1981. Vascular Flora of Shiloh National Military Park,

Hardin County, Tennessee. Issue 50, Research/Resource Management Report.

Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southeast

Regional Office, Natural Science and Research Division.

Long, R. W., and O. Lakela. 1976. A Flora of Tropical Florida: A Manual of the Seed

Plants and Ferns of Southern Peninsular Florida. Miami, FL: Banyan Books.

Mahler, W. F. 1988. Shinners’ Manual of the North Central Texas Flora. Fort Worth, TX:

Botanical Research Institute of Texas.

Reed, C. F. 1986. Flora of the Serpentine Formations in Eastern North America, with

Descriptions of Geomorphology and Mineralogy of the Formations. Baltimore,

MD: Reed Herbarium.

Small, J. K. 1913. Flora of the Florida Keys, Being Descriptions of the Seed-Plants

Growing Naturally on the Islands of the Florida Reef from Virginia Key to Dry

Tortugas. Published by the author.

Stone, W. 2009. Plants of Southern New Jersey. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar

Field Guides

Regional Field Guides

Brown, P. M. 2004. Wild Orchids of the Southeastern United States, North of Peninsular

Florida. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

Clemants, S. E., and C. Gracie. 2006. Wildflowers in the Field and Forest: A Field Guide

to the Northeastern United States. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Core, E. L., and N. P. Ammons. 1958. Woody Plants in Winter: A Manual of Common

Trees and Shrubs in Winter in the Northeastern United States and Southeastern

Canada. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University Press.

Dean, B. E. 1988. Trees and Shrubs of the Southeast. Third edition. Birmingham, AL:

Birmingham Audubon Society Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 36

Dunbar, L. 1989. Ferns of the Coastal Plain. Columbia, SC: University of Carolina Press.

Duncan, W. H. 1975. Woody Vines of the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA:

University of Georgia Press.

Duncan, W. H., and L. E. Foote. 1975. Wildflowers of the Southeastern United States.

Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Duncan, W. H., and M. B. Duncan. 1988. Smithsonian Guide to Seaside Plants of the Gulf

and Atlantic Coasts from Louisiana to Massachusetts, Exclusive of Lower

Peninsular Florida. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Duncan, W. H., and M. B. Duncan. 1988. Trees of the Southeastern United States.

Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Duncan, W. H., and M. B. Duncan. 1999. Wildflowers of the Eastern United States.

Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Godfrey, R. K. and J. W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern

United States: Monocotyledons. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Godfrey, R. K., and J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern

United States: Dicotyledons. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Gould, F. W. 1977. Grasses of the Southwestern United States. Tucson, AZ: University of

Arizona Press.

Grimm, W. C. 1983. Illustrated Book of Trees, with Keys for Summer and Winter

Identification. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books.

Grimm, W. C. 1992. Illustrated Book of Wildflowers and Shrubs: The Comprehensive

Field Guide to more than 1,300 Plants of Eastern North America. Harrisburg,

PA: Stackpole Books.

Gupton, O. W., and F. C. Swope. 1986. Wild Orchids of the Middle Atlantic States.

Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.

Harrar, E. S., and J. G. Harrar. 1962. Guide to Southern Trees. Second edition. New York:

Dover Publications.

Hemmerly, T. E. 1990. Wildflowers of the Central South. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt

University Press.

Kirkman, L. K., C. L. Brown, and D. J. Leopold. 2007. Native Trees of the Southeast.

Portland, OR: Timber Press.

Lance, R. 2004. Woody Plants of the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA: University

of Georgia Press.

Little, E. L. 1980. Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern

Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Miller, H. A., and H. E. Jaques. 1978. How to Know the Trees. Third edition. Dubuque,

IA: W.C. Brown.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 37

Miller, J. H. 2003. Nonnative Invasive Plants of Southern Forests, A Field Guide for

Identification and Control. Gen. Tech Rep. SRS-62. Asheville, NC: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.

Miller, J. H., and K. V. Miller. 2005. Forest Plants of the Southeast and their Wildlife

Uses. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Niering, W. A., and N. C. Olmstead. 1979. Audubon Society Field Guide to North

American Wildflowers: Eastern Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Pennell, F. W. 1935. Scrophulariaceae of Eastern Temperate North America. Monograph

1: 1-650. Philadelphia, PA: Academy of Natural Sciences.

Petrides, G. A. 1998. A Field Guide to Eastern Trees: Eastern United States and Canada,

Including the Midwest. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Pierce, R. J. 1977. Wetland Plants of the Eastern United States. New York: North Atlantic

Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Redington, C. B. 1994. Plants in Wetlands. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.

Rickett, H. W. 1966-1973. Wild Flowers of the United States. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Volume 2. The Southeastern States.

Volume 3. Texas.

Shaver, J. M. 1954. Ferns of the Eastern Central States with Special Reference to

Tennessee. New York, NY: Dover Publications.

Shreve, F., M. A. Chrysler, F. H. Blodgett, and F. W. Besely. 1910. The Plant Life of

Maryland. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.

Silberhorn, G. M. 1999. Common Plants of the Mid-Atlantic Coast: A Field Guide.

Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Smith, A. I. 1979. A Guide to Wildflowers of the Mid-South: West Tennessee into Central

Arkansas and South through Alabama and into East Texas. Memphis, TN:

Memphis State University Press.

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Wherry, E. T. 1978. Southern Fern Guide, Southeastern and South-Midland United

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State Field Guides

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Carman, J. B. 2001. Wildflowers of Tennessee. Tullahoma, TN: Highland Rim Press.

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Chaftin, L. G. 2007. Field Guide to the Rare Plants of Georgia. Athens, GA: University of

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Dean, B. E., A. Mason, and J. L. Thomas. 1973. Wildflowers of Alabama and Adjoining

States. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.

Denison, E. 2001. Missouri Wildflowers: A Field Guide to the Wildflowers of Missouri.

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Denison, E., and K. Love. 1989. Missouri Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Wildflowers of

Missouri and Adjacent Areas. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Department of

Conservation.

Dressler, R. L. 1987. Identification Manual for Wetland Plant Species of Florida, Used by

the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation in Determining the

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Herbarium, Florida State Museum and Institute of Food and Agricultural

Sciences, University of Florida.

Gandhi, K. N., and R. D. Thomas. 1989. Asteraceae of Louisiana. Dallas, TX: Wm. F.

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Gould, F. W. 1975. The Grasses of Texas. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University

Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 40

Gupton, O. W., and F. C. Swope. 1981. Trees and Shrubs of Virginia. Charlottesville, VA:

University Press of Virginia.

Haddock, M. J. 2005. Wildflowers and Grasses of Kansas: A Field Guide. Lawrence, KS:

University Press of Kansas.

Hall, D. W. 1993. Illustrated Plants of Florida and the Coastal Plain. Gainesville, FL:

Maupin House.

Haragan, P. D. 1991. Weeds of Kentucky and Adjacent States: A Field Guide. Lexington,

KY: University Press of Kentucky.

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Horn, D., and T. Cathcart. 2005. Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the

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and Uses in Landscaping. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Department of

Conservation.

Kurz, D. R., and P. L. Nelson. 2003. Trees of Missouri. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri

Department of Conservation.

Liggio, J., and A. O. Liggio. 1999. Wild Orchids of Texas. Austin, TX: University of Texas

Press.

Loughmiller, C. L., and L. Loughmiller. 2006. Texas Wildflowers: A Field Guide. Austin,

TX: University of Texas Press.

Luer, C. A. 1972. The Native Orchids of Florida. Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden.

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Monuments Association.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 41

Montgomery, J. D., and D. E. Fairbrothers. 1992. New Jeresy Ferns and Fern-Allies.

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Pineapple Press.

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Sarasota, FL: Pineapple Press.

Nelson, G. 2000. The Ferns of Florida: A Reference and Field Guide. Sarasota, FL:

Pineapple Press.

Niehaus, T. F. 1998. A Field Guide to Southwestern and Texas Wildflowers. Boston, MA:

Houghton Mifflin.

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Texas. Nacogdoches, TX: B.L. Cunningham Productions.

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Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.

Reed, C. F. 1953. The Ferns and Fern-Allies of Maryland and Delaware including

District of Columbia. Baltimore, MD: Reed Herbarium.

Schulz, E. D. 1928. Texas Wildflowers: A Popular Account of the Common Wild Flowers

of Texas. Chicago, IL: Laidlaw Brothers.

Shaver, J. M. 1954. Ferns of Tennessee. Nashville, TN: Bureau of Publication, George

Peabody College for Teachers.

Silveus, W. A. 1933. Texas Grasses: Classification and Description of Grasses. Published

by the author.

Simpson, B. J. 1992. A Field Guide to Texas Trees. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing.

Snyder, L. H., Jr., and J. G. Bruce. 1986. Field Guide to the Ferns and Other

Pteridophytes of Georgia. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Stahl, C., and R. McElvaney. 2005. Trees of Texas: An Easy Guide to Leaf Identification.

College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.

Summers, B. 1996. Missouri Orchids. Third edition. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri

Department of Conservation.

Taber, W. S. 1960. Delaware Trees. Dover, DE: Delaware State Forestry Department.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 42

Tarver, D. P., J. A. Rodgers, M. J. Mahler, and R. L. Lazor. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland

Plants of Florida. Tallahassee, FL: Bureau of Aquatic Plant Research and Control,

Florida Department of Natural Resources.

Taylor, W. C. 1984. Arkansas Ferns and Fern Allies. Milwaukee, WI: Milwaukee Public

Museum.

Taylor, W. K. 1992. The Guide to Florida Wildflowers. Dallas, TX: Taylor Trade

Publishing.

Tekiela, S. 2006. Trees of Missouri: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2007. Wildflowers of the Carolinas Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2008. Trees of the Carolinas Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2009. Trees of Texas Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

Thieret, J. W. 1980. Louisiana Ferns and Fern Allies. Lafayette, LA: Lafayette Natural

History Museum Assoc. in conjunction with the University of Southwestern

Louisiana.

Timme, S. L. 1989. Wildflowers of Mississippi. Jackson, MS: University Press of

Mississippi.

Tucker, A. O., N. H. Dill, C. R. Broome, C. E. Phillips, and M. J. Maciarello. 1979. Rare

and Endangered Vascular Plant Species in Delaware. Newton Corner, MA:

Society of Natural History of Delaware in Cooperation with the U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service.

Tull, D., and G. Miller. 2003. A Field Guide to Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of Texas.

Bryan, TX: Lone Star Books.

Turner, B. L. 1959. The Legumes of Texas. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Weniger, D. 1970. Cacti of the Southwest: Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and

Louisiana. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Weniger, D. 1984. Cacti of Texas and Neighboring States: A Field Guide. Austin, TX:

University of Texas Press.

Wharton, M. E., and R. W. Barbour. 1971. A Guide to the Wildflowers and Ferns of

Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.

Wharton, M. E., and R. W. Barbour. 1994. Trees and Shrubs of Kentucky. Second edition.

Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.

Wilbur, R. L. The Leguminous Plants of North Carolina. 1963. Raleigh, NC: North

Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 43

Wills, M. M., and H. S. Irwin. 1961. Roadside Flowers of Texas. Austin, TX: University of

Texas Press.

Wofford, B. E., and E. W. Chester. 2002. Guide to the Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of

Tennessee. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.

Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida. Gainesville, FL:

University Press of Florida.

Local Field Guides

Ajilvsgi, G. 1979. Wild Flowers of the Big Thicket, East Texas, and Western Louisiana.

College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.

Boyd, H. P. 2001. Wildflowers of the Pine Barrens of New Jeresy. Medord, NJ: Plexus

Publications.

Brown, P. M. 2007. Wild Orchids of the Northeast New England, New York,

Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

Choukas-Bradley, M. 1987. City of Trees: The Complete Field Guide to the Trees of

Washington, D.C. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Duncan, W. H. 1982. Vegetation of Sapelo Island. Athens, GA: University of Georgia

Press.

Eleuterius, L. N. 1980. An Illustrated Guide to Tidal Marsh Plants of Mississippi and

Adjacent States. Publication Number MAGP-77-039. Ocean Springs, MS:

Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium.

Everitt, J. H., D. L. Drawe, and R. I. Lonard. 2002. Trees, Shrubs and Cacti of South

Texas. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press.

Everitt, J. H., R. I. Lonard, and C. R. Little. 2007. Weeds in South Texas and Northern

Mexico: A Guide to Identification. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press.

Geller, M. D. 2002. A Key to the Woody Plants of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. New

Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Godfrey, R. K. 1988. Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of Northern Florida, and Adjacent

Georgia and Alabama. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Gould, F. W., and T. W. Box. 1965. Grasses of the Texas Coastal Bend. College Station,

TX: Texas A&M University Press.

Gupton, O. W., and F. C. Swope. 1982. Wildflowers of Tidewater Virginia.

Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia.

Hammer, R. L. 2002. Everglades Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the

Historic Everglades, Including Big Cypress, Corkscrew, and Fakahatchee

Swamps. Guildford, CT: Globe Pequot Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 44

Hammer, R. L. 2004. Florida Keys Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Wildflowers, Including

Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of the Florida Keys. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot

Press.

Hanlon, R., and G. Voss. 1975. Guide to the Sea Grasses of Florida, the Gulf of Mexico

and the Caribbean Region. Miami, FL: University of Miami Sea Grant Program.

Hanlon, R., F. Bayer, and G. Voss. 1975. Guide to the Mangroves, Buttonwood, and

Poisonous Shoreline Trees of Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean

Region. Miami, FL: University of Miami Sea Grant Program.

Hatch, S. L., and L. D. Drawe. 1993. Woody Plants of the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife

Refuge. Sinton, TX: Welder Wildlife Foundation.

Hatch, S. L., J. L. Schuster, and D. L. Drawe. 1999. Grasses of the Texas Gulf Prairies and

Marshes. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.

Henderson, A., G. Galeano, and R. Bernal. 1995. Field Guide to the Palms of the

Americas. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Kraus, E. J. W. 1998. A Guide to Ocean Dune Plants Common to North Carolina. Chapel

Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Lazarine, P. 1981. Common Wetland Plants of Southeast Texas. Galveston, TX: U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers.

Lehman, R. L., R. O’Brien, and T. White. 2005. Plants of the Texas Coastal Bend. College

Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.

Lonard, R. I. 1993. Guide to Grasses of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas. Edinburg,

TX: University of Texas-Pan American Press.

Lonard, R. I., and F. W. Judd. 1981. The Terrestrial Flora of South Padre Island, Texas.

Austin, TX: Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas at Austin.

Lonard, R. I., J. H. Everitt, and F. W. Judd. 1991. Woody Plants of the Lower Rio Grande

Valley, Texas. Austin, TX: Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas at

Austin.

Martin, E. M. 1984. A Beginner’s Guide to Wildflowers of the C&O Towpath.

Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

McAlister, W. H., and M. K. McAlister. 1987. Guidebook to the Aransas National Wildlife

Refuge. Victoria, TX: Mince Country Press.

McAlister, W. H., and M. K. McAlister. 1993. Matagorda Island, A Naturalist’s Guide.

Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Murdy, W. H., and M. E. B. Carter. 2000. Guide to the Plants of Granite Outcrops.

Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Nellis, D. W. 1994. Seashore Plants of South Florida and the Caribbean: A Guide to

Identification and Propagation of Xeriscape Plants. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple

Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 45

Porcher, R. D. 1995. Wildflowers of the Carolina Lowcountry and Lower Pee Dee.

Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.

Richardson, A. 1990. Plants of the Southmost Texas. Brownsville, TX: Gorgas Science

Foundation.

Richardson, A. 1995. Plants of the Rio Grande Delta. Austin, TX: University of Texas

Press.

Richardson, A. 2002. Wildflowers and Other Plants of Texas Beaches and Islands.

Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Scurlock, J. P. 1996. Native Trees and Shrubs of the Florida Keys: A Field Guide. Third

edition. Pittsburg, PA: Laurel and Herbert.

Stutzenbaker, C. D. 1999. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Western Gulf Coast. Austin,

TX: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.

Taylor, R. B., J. Rutledge, and J. G. Herrera. 1997. A Field Guide to Common South Texas

Shrubs. Austin, TX: Texas Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Division.

Timme, S. L., and C. C. K. Timme. 2000. Wildflowers of the Natchez Trace. Jackson, MS:

University Press of Mississippi.

Tveten, J. L., and G. Tveten. 1997. Wild Flowers of Houston and Southeast Texas. Austin,

TX: University of Texas Press.

Vines, R. A. 1977. Trees of East Texas. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Whitehouse, E. 1962. Common Fall Wildflowers of the Coastal Bend of Texas. Sinton,

TX: Rob and Bessie Welder Roundation.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 46

Appendix E: Caribbean Islands: Anguilla,

Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Barbados,

Bermuda, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands,

Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curacao, Dominica,

Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe,

Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Saba,

St. Barts, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts and Nevis, St.

Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Martin, St. Vincent and

The Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks

and Caicos, U.S. Virgin Islands

Regional Floras

Adams, C. D. 1976. Caribbean Flora. London: Nelson Caribbean.

Island Floras

Ackerman, J. D. 1995. An Orchid Flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Bronx, NY:

New York Botanical Garden.

Adams, C. D. 1972. Flowering Plants of Jamaica. Mona, Jamaica: University of the West

Indies.

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Bronx, NY: New York

Botanical Garden.

Acevedo-Rodriguez, P., and M. T. Strong. 2005. Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of

Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Washington, DC: U.S. National Herbarium,

Smithsonian Institution.

Correll, D. S., and H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahamas Archipelago. St Louis, MO:

Missouri Botanical Garden.

Fawcett, W., and A. B. Rendle. 2001. Flora of Jamaica Containing Descriptions of the

Flowering Plants Known from the Island. Volume 1. Orchids. Chestnut Hill, MA:

Adamant Media Corporation.

Fournet, J. 1978. Flore Illustree des Phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique.

Paris, France: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 47

Gooding, E. G. G., A. R. Loveless, and G. R. Proctor. 1965. Flora of Barbados. London,

England: H.M. Stationary Office.

Hodge, W. H. 1991. Flora of Dominica, B.W.I. Part 1. Cincinnati, OH: Lloyd Library and

Museum.

Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the Lesser Antilles; Leeward and Windward Islands.

Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.

Leon, H., and H. Alain. 1946–1957. Flora de Cuba. Koenigstein: Otto Koeltz Science

Publishers.

Volume 1: Gimmnospermas-Monocotiledoneas. 1946.

Volume 2: Dicotiledoneas: Casuarinaceas a Meliaceas. 1951.

Volume 3: Dicotiledoneas: Malphighiaceae a Myrtaceae. 1953.

Volume 4: Dicotiledoneas: Melastomataceae a Plantaginaceae. 1957.

Liogier, A. H. 1994–1997. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands:

Spermatophyta. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto

Rico.

Volume 1. Casuarinaceae to Connaraceae. 1995.

Volume 2. Leguminoseae to Anacardiaceae. 1997.

Volume 3. Cyrillaceae to Myrtaceae. 1994.

Volume 4. Melastomataceae to Lentibulariaceae. 1995.

Volume 5. Acanthaceae to Compositae. 1997.

Liogier, A. H., and L. F. Martorell. 2000. Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: A

Systematic Synopsis. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Editorial de la Universidad de

Puerto Rico.

Mas, E., and O. Garcia-Molinari. 2006. Guía Ilustrada de Yerbas Comunes en Puerto

Rico. Univ. de PR. Servicio de Extensión Agrícola y USDA Servicio de

Conservación de Recursos Naturales.

Nicoloson, D. H. 1991. Flora of Dominica. Part 2. Dicotyledoneae. Washington, DC:

Smithsonian Institution Press.

Proctor, G. R. 1982. Additions to the Flora of Jamaica. Kingston, Jamaica: Institute of

Jamaica.

Proctor, G. R. 1984. Flora of the Cayman Islands. London, England: H.M. Stationary

Office.

Schiffino, J. 2001. Riqueza Forestal Dominicana. Trujillo, Dominican Republic:

Pronatura.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 48

Woodbury, R. O., and E. L. Little, Jr. 1976. Flora of Buck Island Reef National

Monument (U.S. Virgin Islands). Forest Service Research Paper ITF-19. Rio

Piedras, Puerto Rico: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Field Guides

Regional Field Guides

Carrington, S. 1998. Wild Plants of the Eastern Caribbean. Oxford, England: Macmillan

Caribbean.

Hanlon, R., and G. Voss. 1975. Guide to the Sea Grasses of Florida, the Gulf of Mexico

and the Caribbean Region. Miami, FL: University of Miami Sea Grant Program.

Hanlon, R., F. Bayer, and G. Voss. 1975. Guide to the Mangroves, Buttonwood, and

Poisonous Shoreline Trees of Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean

Region. Miami, FL: University of Miami Sea Grant Program.

Henderson, A., G. Galeano, and R. Bernal. 1995. Field Guide to the Palms of the

Americas. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Honeychurch, P. N. 1986. Caribbean Wild Plants and Their Uses. London, England:

MacMillian Publishers.

Hunt, D., N. Taylor, and G. Charles. 2006. The New Cactus Lexicon. Milborne Port, UK:

DH Books.

Keller, R. 2004. Identification of Tropical Woody Plants in the Absence of Flowers and

Fruits: A Field Guide. Second edition. Boston, MA: Birkhauser.

Kenny, J. S. 1988. Native Orchids of the Eastern Caribbean. Oxford, England: Macmillan

Caribbean.

Lennox, G. W., and S. A. Seddon. 1978. Flowers of the Caribbean. Oxford, England:

Macmillan Caribbean.

Magras, M. 1989. Fleurs des Antilles: Caribbean Flowers. Saint-Barthelemy: Editions du

Latanier.

Nellis, D. W. 1994. Seashore Plants of South Florida and the Caribbean: A Guide to

Identification and Propagation of Xeriscape Plants. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple

Press.

Physical Education, Dance, Recreation, and Health (8

: 1986: Glasqow, Scotland)

Commonwealth and International Conference on Sport. 2001. Guide to Identify

Common Wetlands Plants in the Caribbean Area: Puerto Rico and the U.S.

Virgin Islands. San Juan, PR: University of Puerto Rico Press.

Seddon, S. A., and G. W. Lennox. 1980. Trees of the Caribbean. London: Macmillan

Publishers.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 49

Island Field Guides

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin

Islands. Washington, DC: U.S. National Herbarium.

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P., and R. O. Woodbury. 1985. Los Bejucos de Puerto Rico. Volume 1.

The Vines of Puerto Rico, A Field Guide. New Orleans, LA: USDA, Forest Service

Station, Southern Forest Experimental Station.

Ackerman, J. D., and M. J. Castillo. 1994. The Orchids of Puerto Rico and the Virgin

Islands. San Juan, PR: University of Puerto Rico Press.

Ashton, P. M. 1989. A Field Guide to the Common Trees and Large Shrubs of Puerto

Rico. Second edition. New Haven, CT: Tropical Resources Institute.

Bisse, J. 1988. Árboles de Cuba. Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba: Editorial Científico-Técnica.

Burton, F., and P. Clifford. 2007. Wild Trees in the Cayman Islands. Grand Cayman,

Cayman Islands: National Trust for Cayman Islands (Aardvark Global

Publishing).

Carrington, S. 2007. Wild Plants of Barbados. Oxford, England: Macmillan Publishers.

Cutts, W. 2004. Trees of the Bahamas and Florida. Oxford, England: Macmillan

Publishers.

Duke, J. A. 1965. Keys for the identification of some prominent woody species in eight

forest types in Puerto Rico. Annuals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 52 (3):

314–350.

Fournet, J. 1976. Fluers et Plantes des Antilles. Paris, France: Les Editions du Pacifique.

Gibney, E. 2004. A Field Guide to Native Trees and Plants of East End St. John, U.S.

Virgin Islands. U.S. Virgin Islands: Centre for the Environment.

Gloudon, A., and C. Tobisch. 1995. Orchids of Jamaica. Kingston, Jamaica: University

Press of the West Indies.

Gooding, E. G. B. 1973. Wayside Trees and Shrubs of Barbados. London: Macmillan

Publishers.

Hawkes, A. D. 1974. Wild Flowers of Jamaica. London, England: Collins Sangster.

Holdridge, L. R. 1942. Trees of Puerto Rico. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of

Agriculture.

Light, M. H. S. 1976. Non-flowering Plants of the Barbados. Bridgetown, Barbados:

Ministry of Education.

Liogier, A. H. 1978. Arboles Dominicanos. Santa Domingo, Domincan Republic:

Academia de Ciencias de la Republica Dominicana.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 50

Little, E. L., R. O. Woodbury, and F. H. Wadsworth. 1974. Trees of Puerto Rico and the

Virgin Islands. Volume 2. Agricultural Handbook No. 449. Washington, DC: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Patterson, J. 2002. Native Trees of the Bahamas. Nassau, Bahamas: Bahamas National

Trust.

Poupon, J., and G. Chauvin. 1983. Les Arbres de la Martinique. Martinique: Office

National des Forets, Direction Regionale pour la Martinique

Proctor, G. R. 1985. Ferns of Jamaica. London, England: British Museum of Natural

History.

Proctor, G. R. 1989. Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Bronx, NY: New York

Botanical Garden Press.

Storer, D. P. 1958. Familiar Trees and Cultivated Plants of Jamaica: A Traveller’s Guide

to Some of the Common Trees, Shrubs, Vines, and Crop Plants. New York: St.

Martin’s Press.

Thomas, T. 1997. Traditional Medicinal Plants of St. Croix, St. Thomas and St. John. St

Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands: University of the Virgin Islands.

Walker, M. M., O. Hodge, F. Homer, and W. Johnson. 2005. A Guide to Common Plants

of Anguilla. Anguilla: The Anguilla National Trust and Biodiversity Conservation.

Warner, M. F. 2004. Flowers of Jamaica. Oxford, England: Macmillan Publishers.

Wood, K. M. 20003. Flowers of the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. Oxford,

England: Macmillan Publishers.

Local Field Guides

Iremonger, S. 2002. A Guide to Plants in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica. Kingston,

Jamaica: University of the West Indies.

Kass, L. B. 2005. An Illustrated Guide to the Common Plants of San Salvador Island,

Bahamas. San Salvador, Bahamas: Gerace Research Center.

Kepler, A. K. 1975. Common Ferns of Luquillo Forest, Puerto Rico. San Juan, PR: Inter

American University Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 51

Appendix F: Eastern Mountains and

Piedmont: Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri,

Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee,

Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North

Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland,

Pennsylvania, New Jersey

Regional Floras

Barbour, A., and S. Barbour. 1995. Wild Flora of the Northeast. New York, NY: Penguin

Group USA.

Cronquist, A. 1980. Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States. Volume 1.

Asteraceae. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern

United States and Adjacent Canada. Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden.

Holmgren, N. H. 1998. Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist’s Manual. New

York, NY: New York Botanical Garden.

Isley, E. 1990. Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States. Volume 3, Part 2.

Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Magee, D. W., and H. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast: a Manual of the Vascular

Flora of New England and Adjacent New York. Amherst, MA: University of

Massachusetts Amherst.

Small, J. K. 2004. Manual of the Southeastern Flora, Being Descriptions of the Seed

Plants Growing Naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Eastern Louisiana,

Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Caldwell, NJ:

Blackburn Press.

Weakley, A. S., 2010. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC:

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

State Floras

Braun, E. L. 1967. The Vascular Flora of Ohio: The Monocotyledoneae. Columbus, OH:

Ohio State University Press.

Braun, E. L. 1969. The Woody Plants of Ohio: Trees, Shrubs and Woody Climbers,

Native, Naturalized, and Escaped, A Contribution Toward the Vascular Flora of

Ohio. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 52

Clark, O. M. 1928. The Arborescent Flora of Oklahoma. Laramie, WY: University of

Wyoming.

Deam, C. C. 2002. Flora of Indiana. Caldwell, NJ: Blackburn Press.

Duncan, W. H., and J. T. Kartesz. 1981. Vascular Flora of Georgia. Athens, GA:

University of Georgia Press.

Fisher, T. R. 1988. The Dicotyledoneae of Ohio, Part 3: Asteraceae. Columbus, OH: Ohio

State University Press.

Gattinger, A. 1901. The Flora of Tennessee and a Philosophy of Botany. Nashville, TN:

Gospel Advocate Publishing.

Harvill, A. M. 1970. Spring Flora of Virginia. Parsons, WV: McClain Printing.

Jones, G. N. 1971. Flora of Illinois, Containing Keys for Identification of the Flowering

Plants and Ferns. Third edition. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame

Press.

Meijer, W. 1971. Tree Flora of Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky.

Meijer, W., and R. Cranfield. 1992. Herbaceous Flora of Kentucky. Lexington, KY:

University of Kentucky.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1999–2006. The Illustrated Flora of Illinois. Carbondale, IL:

Southern Illinois University Press.

Ferns. 1999.

Flowering Plants: Polkweeds, Four O’clocks, Carpetweeds, Cacti, Purslanes,

Goosefoots, Pigweeds, and Pinks. 2001.

Flowering Plants: Rush to Rushes. 2006.

Flowering Plants: Smartweeds to Hazelnuts. 2002.

Grasses: Panicum to Danthonia. 2001.

Grasses: Bromus to Paspalum. 2002.

Sedges: Carex. 1999.

Sedges: Cyperus to Scleria. 2001.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 2002. Vascular Flora of Illinois. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois

University Press.

Ohio State University of Science and Ohio Flora Committee. 1967. The Vascular Flora of

Ohio. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.

Porter, T. C. 1903. Flora of Pennsylvania. Boston, MA: Ginn.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 53

Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the

Carolinas. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Reed, C. F. 1986. Flora of the Serpentine Formations in Eastern North America, with

Descriptions of Geomorphology and Mineralogy of the Formations. Baltimore,

MD: Reed Herbarium.

Rhoads, A. F., and T. A. Block. 2007. The Plants of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA:

University of Pennsylvania Press.

Schaffner, J. H. 1993. Field Manual of the Flora of Ohio and Adjacent Territory.

Columbus, OH: R.G. Adams.

Smith, E. B. 1994. Keys to the Flora of Arkansas. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas

Press.

Stemen, T. R., and W. S. Meyers. 1929. Spring Flora of Oklahoma, with Key. Oklahoma

City, OK: Harlow Publishing.

Stemen, T. R., and W. S. Meyers. 1937. Oklahoma Flora (Illustrated). Oklahoma City,

OK: Harlow Publishing.

Steyermark, J. A. 1940. Spring Flora of Missouri. St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical

Garden.

Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.

Strausbaugh, P. D., and E. L. Core. 1978. The Flora of West Virginia. Second edition.

Grantsville, WV: Seneca Books.

Waterfall, U. T. 1969. Keys to the Flora of Oklahoma. Stillwater, OK: Department of

Botany, Oklahoma State University.

Weakley, A. B. 2002. Flora of the Carolinas and Virginia. Chapel Hill, NC: Published by

the author.

Weakley, A. S. 2010. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC:

University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical

Garden, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (Work in progress on the

Web) (http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm)

Local Floras

Coxe, R. B., S. L. Stephenson, D. M. Madarish, and G. W. Miller. 2006. Vascular Flora of

the Fernow Experimental Forest and Adjacent Portions of the Otter Creek

Wilderness Area. General Technical Report NE-344. Newtown Square, PA: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Faircloth, W. R. 1971. The Vascular Flora of Central South Georgia. Athens, GA:

University of Georgia.

Goodman, G. J. 1958. Spring Flora of Central Oklahoma. Norman, OK: University of

Oklahoma Duplicating Service.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 54

Gunn, S. C. 1985. Flora of Alabama River Bluffs in the Back Belt. Auburn, AL: Auburn

University.

Reed, C. F. 1986. Flora of the Serpentine Formations in Eastern North America, with

Descriptions of Geomorphology and Mineralogy of the Formations. Baltimore,

MD: Reed Herbarium.

Stone, W. 2009. The Plants of Southern New Jersey. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar.

Thorne, R. F. 1949. The Flora of Southwestern Georgia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.

Yatskievych, G. 1999–2006. Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri. St. Louis, MO: Missouri

Department of Conservation, in cooperation with the Missouri Botanical Garden

Press.

Volume 1. 1999.

Volume 2. 2006.

Field Guides

Regional Field Guides

Brown, H. P. 1938. Trees of the Northeastern United States, Native and Naturalized.

Revised edition. Boston, MA: Christopher Publishing House.

Brown, L. 1976. Wildflowers and Winter Weeds. New York: W.W. Norton.

Brown, L. 1992. Grasses: An Identification Guide. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin

Harcourt.

Brown, P. M. 1997. Wild Orchids of the Northeastern United States: A Field and Study

Guide to the Orchids Growing Wild in New England, New York, and Adjacent

Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing.

Brown, P. M. 2004. Wild Orchids of the Southeastern United States, North of Peninsular

Florida. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

Clemants, S. E., and C. Gracie. 2006. Wildflowers in the Field and Forest: A Field Guide

to the Northeastern United States. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Cobb, B., E. Farnsworth, and C. Lowe. 2005. A Field Guide to Ferns and their Related

Families: Northeastern and Central North America. Second edition. New York,

NY: Houghton Mifflin.

Core, E. L., and N. P. Ammons. 1958. Woody Plants in Winter: A Manual of Common

Trees and Shrubs in Winter in the Northeastern United States and Southeastern

Canada. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University Press.

Dean, B. E. 1988. Trees and Shrubs of the Southeast. Third edition. Birmingham, AL:

Birmingham Audubon Society Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 55

Duncan, W. H. 1975. Woody Vines of the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA:

University of Georgia Press.

Duncan, W. H., and M. B. Duncan. 1988. Trees of the Southeastern United States.

Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Duncan, W. H., and M. B. Duncan. 1999. Wildflowers of the Eastern United States.

Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Duncan, W. H., and L. E. Foote. 1975. Wildflowers of the Southeastern United States.

Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Fernald, M. L., and A. Gray. 1970. Manual of Botany: A Handbook of the Flowering

Plants and Ferns of the Central and Northeastern United States and Adjacent

Canada. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Godfrey, M. A. 1997. Field Guide to the Piedmont, The Natural Habitats of America’s

Most Lived-In Region, From New York City to Montgomery, Alabama. Chapil

Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Godfrey, R. K., and J. W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern

United States: Monocotyledons. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Godfrey, R. K., and J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern

United States: Dicotyledons. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Grimm, W. C. 1983. The Illustrated Book of Trees, with Keys for Summer and Winter

Identification. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books.

Grimm, W. C. 1992. The Illustrated Book of Wildflowers and Shrubs: The

Comprehensive Field Guide to More than 1,300 Plants of Eastern North

America. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books.

Gupton, O. W., and F. C. Swope. 1986. Wild Orchids of the Middle Atlantic States.

Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.

Harrar, E. S., and J. G. Harrar. 1962. Guide to Southern Trees. Second edition. New York:

Dover Publications.

Hemmerly, T. E. 1990. Wildflowers of the Central South. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt

University Press.

Kirkman, L. K., C. L. Brown, and D. J. Leopold. 2007. Native Trees of the Southeast.

Portland, OR: Timber Press.

Lance, R. 2004. Woody Plants of the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA: University

of Georgia Press.

Leopold, D. J., W. C. McComb, and R. N. Muller. 1998. Trees of the Central Hardwood

Forests of North America: An Identification and Cultivation Guide. Portland,

OR: Timber Press.

Little, E. L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern

Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 56

Miller, H. A., and H. E. Jaques. 1978. How to Know the Trees. Third edition. Dubuque,

IA: W.C. Brown.

Miller, J. H. 2003. Nonnative Invasive Plants of Southern Forests, A Field Guide for

Identification and Control. General Technical Report SRS-62. Asheville, NC: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.

Miller, J. H., and K. V. Miller. 2005. Forest Plants of the Southeast and their Wildlife

Uses. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Newcomb, L. 1977. Newcomb’s Wildflower Guide: An Ingenious New Key System for

Quick, Positive Field Identification of the Wildflowers, Flowering Shrubs and

Vines of Northeastern and North Central North America. Boston, MA: Little,

Brown.

Niering, W. A., and N. C. Olmstead. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North

American Wildflowers: Eastern Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Pennell, F. W. 1935. The Scrophulariaceae of Eastern Temperate North America.

Monograph 1: 1-650. Philadelphia, PA: Academy of Natural Sciences.

Peterson, R. T., and M. McKenny. 1968. A Field Guide to Wildflowers of

Northeastern/Northcentral North America. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Petrides, G. A. 1972. A Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs: Field Marks of all Trees, Shrubs,

and Woody Vines that Grow Wild in the Northeastern and Northcentral United

States and in Southeastern and South-Central Canada. Second edition. Boston,

MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Petrides, G. A. 1998. A Field Guide to Eastern Trees: Eastern United States and Canada,

Including the Midwest. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Pierce, R. J. 1977. Wetland Plants of the Eastern United States. New York: North Atlantic

Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Redington, C. B. 1994. Plants in Wetlands. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.

Rickett, H. W. 1966-1973. Wild Flowers of the United States. Volume 2. The Southeastern

States. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Shaver, J. M. 1954. Ferns of the Eastern Central States with Special Reference to

Tennessee. New York, NY: Dover Publications.

Smith, A. I. 1979. A Guide to Wildflowers of the Mid-South: West Tennessee into Central

Arkansas and South through Alabama and into East Texas. Memphis: Memphis

State University Press.

Smith, R. M. 1998. Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains. Knoxville, TN: University of

Tennessee Press.

Stein, J. D., D. Binion, and R. E. Acciavatti. 2003. Field Guide to Native Oak Species of

Eastern North America. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 57

Tiner, R. W., A. Rorer, and R. H. Wiegand. 1988. Field Guide to Nontidal Wetland

Identification. Annapolis, MD: Maryland Department of Natural Resources;

Newton Corner, MA: Water Resources Administration.

Uva, R. H., J. C. Neal, and J. M. DiTomaso. 1997. Weeds of the Northeast. Ithaca, NY:

Comstock Publishing Associates.

Wherry, E. T. 1978. The Southern Fern Guide, Southeastern and South-Midland United

States. Bronx, NY: New York Chapter of the American Fern Society.

Wherry, E. T. 1995. The Fern Guide, Northeastern and Midland United States and

Adjacent Canada. New York: Dover Publications.

Williams, M. D. 2007. Identifying Trees: An All-Season Guide to Eastern North America.

Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.

State Field Guides

Aulbach-Smith, C., S. J. De Kozlowski, and L. A. Dyck. 1996. Aquatic and Wetland Plants

of South Carolina. Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Natural

Resources.

Barnes, T. G., and S. W. Francis. 2004. Wildflowers and Ferns of Kentucky. Lexington,

KY: University Press of Kentucky.

Batson, W. T. 1987. Wild Flowers in the Carolinas. Columbia, SC: University of South

Carolina Press.

Beal, E. O. 1977. A Manual of Marsh and Aquatic Vascular Plants of North Carolina

with Habitat Data. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Agricultural Research Service.

Blomquist, H. L. 1948. The Grasses of North Carolina. Durham, NC: Duke University.

Brown, M. L., and R. G. Brown. 1984. Herbaceous Plants of Maryland. Baltimore, MD:

Port City Press.

Brown, C. L., and L. K. Kirkman. 1990. Trees of Georgia and Adjacent States. Portland,

OR: Timber Press.

Brown, P. M. 2007. Wild Orchids of the Northeast New England, New York,

Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

Carman, J. B. 2001. Wildflowers of Tennessee. Tullahoma, TN: Highland Rim Press.

Chaftin, L. G. 2007. Field Guide to the Rare Plants of Georgia. Athens, GA: University of

Georgia.

Cliburn, J., and G. Wallace. 2003. A Key to Missouri Trees in Winter: An Identification

Guide. Jefferson City, MO: Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri.

Cooperrider, T. S. 1982. Endangered and Threatened Plants of Ohio. Notes No. 16.

Columbus, OH: Ohio Biological Survey.

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Cooperrider, T. S. 1995. The Dicotyledoneae of Ohio. Part 2: Linaceae through

Campanulaceae. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.

Core, E. L. 1981. Spring Wild Flowers of West Virginia. Third edition. Morgantown, WV:

West Virginia University Press.

Cranfill, R. 1980. Ferns and Fern Allies of Kentucky. Scientific and Technical Series No 1.

Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission.

Davis, D. E., N. D. Davis, and L. J. Samuelson. 1999. Guide and Key to Alabama Trees.

Fifth edition. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.

Dean, B. E. 1964. Ferns of Alabama and Fern Allies. Northport, AL: American Southern.

Dean, B. E., A. Mason, and J. L. Thomas. 1973. Wildflowers of Alabama and Adjoining

States. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.

Denison, E. 2001. Missouri Wildflowers: A Field Guide to the Wildflowers of Missouri.

Fifth edition. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Department of Conservation.

Denison, E., and K. Love. 1989. Missouri Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Wildflowers of

Missouri and Adjacent Areas. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Department of

Conservation.

Gupton, O. W., and F. C. Swope. 1981. Trees and Shrubs of Virginia. Charlottesville, VA:

University Press of Virginia.

Haddock, M. J. 2005. Wildflowers and Grasses of Kansas: A Field Guide. Lawrence, KS:

University Press of Kansas.

Haragan, P. D. 1991. Weeds of Kentucky and Adjacent States: A Field Guide. Lexington,

KY: University Press of Kentucky.

Henn, R. L. 1998. Wildflowers of Ohio. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Homoya, M. A. 1993. Orchids of Indiana. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Horn, D., and T. Cathcart. 2005. Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the

Southern Appalachians: The Official Field Guide of the Tennessee Native Plant

Society. Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine Publishing.

Hough, M. Y. 1983. New Jersey Wild Plants. Harmony, NJ: Harmony Press.

Hunter, C. G. 1992. Wildflowers of Arkansas. Sixth edition. Little Rock, AR: Ozark

Society Foundation.

Hunter, C. G. 1995. Autumn Leaves and Winter Berries in Arkansas. Little Rock, AR:

Ozark Society Foundation.

Hunter, C. G. 1995. Trees, Shrubs and Vines of Arkansas. Little Rock, AR: Ozark Society

Foundation.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 59

Horn, D., and T. Cathcart. 2005. Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the

Southern Appalachians: The Official Field Guide of the Tennessee Native Plant

Society. Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine Publishing.

Jackson, M. T., K. Harrington, and R. Rathfon. 2004. 101 Trees of Indiana: A Field

Guide. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Jones, A. 1992. Aster and Brachyactis (Asteraceae) in Oklahoma. Sida Bot. Miscellany

No. 8. Fort Worth, TX: Research Institute of Texas.

Justice, W. S., C. R. Bell, and A. H. Lindsey. 2005. Wild Flowers of North Carolina.

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Pine Publishing.

Kucera, C. L. 1961. The Grasses of Missouri. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press.

Kucera, C. L. 1998. The Grasses of Missouri. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press.

Kurz, D. 1997. Shrubs and Woody Vines of Missouri: Descriptions, Detailed Illustrations

and Uses in Landscaping. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Department of

Conservation.

Kurz, D. R., and P. Nelson. 2003. Trees of Missouri. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri

Department of Conservation.

Kurz, D. 2004. Illinois Wildflowers. Cave Mountain, AR: Cloudland Publishing.

Little, E. L. 1981. Forest Trees of Oklahoma. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma Department

of Agriculture.

McCoy, D. 1980. Roadside Wild Fruits of Oklahoma. Norman, OK: University of

Oklahoma Press.

McCoy, D. 1981. Roadside Trees and Shrubs of Oklahoma. Norman, OK: University of

Oklahoma Press.

McCoy, D. 1987. Oklahoma Wildflowers. Oklahoma City, OK: D. McCoy.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1980. Spring Woodland Wildflowers of Illinois. Springfield, IL:

Illinois Department of Conservation, Division of Forestry.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1981. Wildflowers of Fields, Roadsides, and Open Habitats of

Illinois. Springfield, IL: Illinois Department of Conservation, Division of Forest

Resources and Natural Heritage.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1990. Forest Trees of Illinois. Eighth edition. Springfield, IL: Illinois

Department of Natural History.

Montgomery, J. D., and D. E. Fairbrothers. 1992. New Jeresy Ferns and Fern-Allies.

Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 60

Moore, D. M. 1981. Trees of Arkansas. Third edition. Little Rock, AR: Arkansas Forestry

Commission.

Porcher, R. D., and D. A. Rayner. 2001. A Guide to the Wildflowers of South Carolina.

Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.

Reed, C. F. 1953. The Ferns and Fern-Allies of Maryland and Delaware including

District of Columbia. Baltimore, MD: Reed Herbarium.

Rhoades, A. F., T. A. Block, and A. Anisko. 2009. The Plants of Pennsylvania: An

Illustrated Manual. Second edition. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania

Press.

Runkel, S. T., and A. F. Bull. 1994. Wildflowers of Illinois Woodlands. Ames, IA: Iowa

State University Press.

Runkel, S. T., and A. F. Bull. 1994. Wildflowers of Indiana Woodlands. Ames, IA: Iowa

State University Press.

Shaver, J. M. 1954. Ferns of Tennessee. Nashville, TN: Bureau of Publication, George

Peabody College for Teachers.

Shaw, T. E. 1981. Fifty Trees of Indiana. Indianapolis, IN: Division of Forestry,

Department of Natural Resources, Indiana, and the Department of Forestry and

Conservation, Purdue University.

Shreve, F., M. A. Chrysler, F. H. Blodgett, and F. W. Besely. 1910. The Plant Life of

Maryland. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.

Snyder, L. H., Jr., and J. G. Bruce. 1986. Field Guide to the Ferns and Other

Pteridophytes of Georgia. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Summers, B. 1996. Missouri Orchids. Third edition. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri

Department of Conservation.

Taylor, W. C. 1984. Arkansas Ferns and Fern Allies. Milwaukee, WI: Milawaukee Public

Museum.

Tekiela, S. 2001. Wildflowers of Ohio: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2002. Trees of Wisconsin: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2004. Trees of Ohio: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2004. Trees of Pennsylvania: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2006. Trees of Illinois: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2006. Trees of Indiana: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

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Tekiela, S. 2006. Trees of Missouri: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2007. Wildflowers of the Carolinas: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2008. Trees of the Carolinas: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tucker, G. E. 1976. A Guide to the Woody Flora of Arkansas. Fayetteville, AR: University

of Arkansas.

Weishaupt, C. G. 1971. Vascular Plants of Ohio. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.

Wharton, M. E., and R. W. Barbour. 1971. A Guide to the Wildflowers and Ferns of

Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.

Wharton, M. E., and R. W. Barbour. 1994. Trees and Shrubs of Kentucky. Second edition.

Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.

Wilbur, R. L. 1963. The Leguminous Plants of North Carolina. Raleigh, NC: North

Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station.

Wofford, B. E., and E. W. Chester. 2002. Guide to the Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of

Tennessee. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.

Yatskievych, K. 2000. Field Guide to Indiana Wildflowers. Bloomington, IN: Indiana

University Press.

Local Field Guides

Adkins, L. M. 2006. Wildflowers of the Appalachian Trail. Second edition. Birmingham,

AL: Menasha Ridge Press.

Alderman, J. A. 1997. Wildflowers of the Blue Ridge Parkway. Chapel Hill, NC:

University of North Carolina Press.

Bentley, S. L. 2000. Native Orchids of the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Chapel

Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Boyd, H. P. 2001. Wildflowers of the Pine Barrens of New Jeresy. Medord, NJ: Plexus

Publishing.

Choukas-Bradley, M. 2004. An Illustrated Guide to Eastern Woodland Wildflowers and

Trees: 350 Plants Observed at Sugarloaf Mountain, Maryland. Charlottesville,

VA: University of Virginia Press.

Eleuterius, L. N. 1980. An Illustrated Guide to Tidal Marsh Plants of Mississippi and

Adjacent States. Publication Number MAGP-77-039. Ocean Springs, MS:

Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium.

Geller, M. D. 2002. A Key to the Woody Plants of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. New

Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 62

Gupton, O. W., and F. C. Swope. 1979. Wildflowers of the Shenandoah Valley and Blue

Ridge Mountains. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia.

Gupton, O. W., and F. C. Swope. 1987. Fall Wildflowers of the Blue Ridge and Great

Smokey Mountains. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia.

Hemmerly, T. E. 2000. Appalachian Wildflowers. Athens, GA: University of Georgia

Press.

Hemmerly, T. E. 2002. Ozark Wildflowers. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Hutson, R. W., C. C. Campbell, and A. J. Sharp. 1995. Great Smoky Mountains

Wildflowers. Fifth edition. Northbrook, IL: Windy Pines Publishing.

Kurz, D. R. 1999. Ozark Wildflowers: A Field Guide. Helena, MT: Morris Book

Publishing.

Leake, H., and D. Leake. 1981. Wildflowers of the Ozarks. Little Rock, AR: Ozark Society

Foundation.

Medina, B. F., and V. Medina. 2002. Central Appalachian Wildflowers: A Field Guide to

Common Wildflowers of the Central Appalachion Mountains, Including

Shenandoah National Park, the Catskill Mountains, and the Berkshire

Mountains. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot.

Medina, B. F., and V. Medina. 2002. Southern Appalachian Wildflowers: A Field Guide

to Common Wildflowers of the Southern Appalachian Mountains including

Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the Blue Ridge Parkway, and the

Chattahoochee National Forest. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot.

Murdy, W. H., and M. E. B. Carter. 2000. Guide to the Plants of Granite Outcrops.

Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Powell, A. M. 1994. Grasses of the Trans-Pecos and Adjacent Areas. Austin, TX:

University of Texas Press.

Powell, A. M. 1998. Trees and Shrubs of the Trans-Pecos and Adjacent Areas. Austin,

TX: University of Texas Press.

Porcher, R. D. 1995. Wildflowers of the Carolina Lowcountry and Lower Pee Dee.

Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.

Seymour, R. 1997. Wildflowers of Mammoth Cave National Park. Lexington, KT:

University Press of Kentucky.

Smith, A. I. 1979. A Guide to Wildflowers of the Mid-South: West Tennessee into Central

Arkansas and South Through Alabama and into East Texas. Memphis, TN:

Memphis State University Press.

Swanson, R. E. 1994. A Field Guide to the Trees and Shrubs of the Southern

Appalachians. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Timme, S. L., and C. C. K. Timme. 2000. Wildflowers of the Natchez Trace. Jackson, MS:

University Press of Mississippi.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 63

Winslett, L., and J. Winslett. 2004. Wildflowers of Stone Mountain: A Field Guide.

Dahlonega, GA: Bright Hawk Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 64

Appendix G: Great Plains: Montana, North

Dakota, sliver of Minnesota, Wyoming, South

Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, New

Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas

Regional Floras

Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University

of Kansas Press.

McGregor, R. L., T. M. Barkley, and Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the

Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.

Rydberg, P. A. 1932. Flora of the Prairies and Plains of Central North America. Volume

1. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.

Rydberg, P. A. 1971. Flora of the Prairies and Plains of Central North America. Volume

2. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.

State Floras

Allfred, K. W. 2008. Flora Neomexicana I: The Vascular Plants of New Mexico. Las

Cruces, NM: New Mexico State University.

Barkley, T. M. 1968. A Manual of the Flowering Plants of Kansas. Manhattan, KS:

Kansas State University, Endowment Association.

Booth, W. E., and J. C. Wright Booth. 1996. Flora of Montana, Part II, Dicotyledons.

Bozeman, MT: Montana State University.

Clark, O. M. 1928. The Arborescent Flora of Oklahoma. Laramie, WY: University of

Wyoming.

Correll, D. S., and M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of Vascular Plants of Texas. Renner,

TX: Texas Research Foundation.

Hahn, B. E., and W. E. Booth. 1977. Flora of Montana: Conifers and Monocots.

Bozeman, MT: Montana State University.

Harrington, H. D. 1979. Manual of the Plants of Colorado: For the Identification of the

Ferns and Flowering Plants of the State. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms

International.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 65

Kaul, R. B., D. M. Sutherland, and S. B. Rolfsmeier. 2006. The Flora of Nebraska: Keys,

Descriptions, and Distributional Maps of all Native and Introduced Species that

Grow Outside Cultivation; with Observations about Their Past, Present, and

Future Status. Lincoln, NE: Conservation and Survey Division, School of Natural

Resources, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of

Nebraska-Lincoln.

Lundell, C. L. 1961–1969. Flora of Texas. Renner, TX: Texas Research Foundation.

Volume 1. 1966.

Volume 2. 1969.

Volume 3. 1961.

Martin, W. C., and C. R. Hutchins. 1980–1981. A Flora of New Mexico. Vaduz, Germany:

J. Cramer.

Volume 1. 1980.

Volume 2. 1981.

Morley, T. 1969. Spring Flora of Minnesota, Including Common Cultivated Plants.

Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

Petersen, N. F. 1923. Flora of Nebraska: A List of Ferns, Conifers and Flowering Plants

of the State with Keys for their Determination. Published by the author.

Porter, C. L. 1962. A Flora of Wyoming. Laramie, WY: Agricultural Experiment Station,

University of Wyoming.

Rydberg, P. A. 1906. Flora of Colorado. Fort Collins, CO: Experiment Station.

Stemen, T. R., and W. S. Meyers. 1929. Spring Flora of Oklahoma, with Key. Oklahoma

City, OK: Harlow Publishing.

Stemen, T. R., and W. S. Meyers. 1937. Oklahoma Flora (Illustrated). Oklahoma City,

OK: Harlow Publishing.

Waterfall, U. T. 1969. Keys to the Flora of Oklahoma. Stillwater, OK: Department of

Botany, Oklahoma State University.

Wooton, E. O., and P. C. Standley. 1915. Flora of New Mexico. Washington DC: U.S.

Government Printing Office.

Local Floras

Cronquist, A., et al. 1972–2005. Intermountain Flora: Vascular Plants of the

Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden Press.

Volume 1. Geological and Botanical History of the Region, its Plant Geography

and Glossary. The Vascular Cryptogams and the Gymnosperms.

Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, and J. L. Reveal. 1972.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 66

Volume 2, Part B. Subclass Dilleniidae. Cronquist, A., N. H. Holmgren, and P. K.

Holmgren. 2005.

Volume 3, Part A. Subclass Rosidae (except Fabales). Cronquist, A., N. H.

Holmgren, P. K. Holmgren, and J. L. Reveal. 1997.

Volume 3, Part B. Fabales. Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L.

Reveal, P. K. Holmgren, and R. C. Barneby. 1990.

Volume 4. Subclass Asteridae (except Asteraceae). Cronquist, A., A. H.

Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1984.

Volume 5. Asterales. Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L.

Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1994.

Volume 6. The monocotyledons. Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren,

J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1994.

Diggs, G. M., Jr., B. L. Lipscomb, and R. J. O’Kennon. 1999. Shinners and Mahler’s

Illustrated Flora of North Central Texas. Fort Worth, TX: BRIT Press.

Diggs, G. M., Jr., B. L. Lipscomb, M. D. Reed, and R. J. O’Kennon. 2006. Illustrated

Flora of East Texas. Fort Worth, TX: BRIT Press.

Goodman, G. J. 1958. Spring Flora of Central Oklahoma. Norman, OK: University of

Oklahoma Duplicating Service.

Haukos, D. A., and L. M. Smith. 1997. Common Flora of the Playa Lakes. Lubbock, TX:

Texas Tech University Press.

Hitchcock, C. L., and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest: An Illustrated

Manual. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.

Mahler, W. F. 1973. Flora of Taylor County, Texas: A Manual of the Vascular Plants

with Selected Sketches. Dallas, TX: SMU Book Store.

Mahler, W. F. 1988. Shinners’ Manual of the North Central Texas Flora. Fort Worth, TX:

Botanical Research Institute of Texas.

Rydberg, P. A. 1969. Flora of the Rocky Mountains and Adjacent Plains, Colorado, Utah,

Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Neighboring Parts of

Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, NY:

Hafner Publishing.

Reeves, R. G. 1977. Flora of Central Texas. Dallas, TX: Prestige Press.

Weber, W. A., and R. C. Wittman. 2001. Colorado Flora: Eastern Slope. Boulder, CO:

University Press of Colorado.

Weber, W. A., and R. C. Wittman. 2001. Colorado Flora: Western Slope. Boulder, CO:

University Press of Colorado.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 67

Field Guides

Regional Field Guides

Baerg, H. J. 1973. How to Know the Western Trees. Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown.

Best, K. F., J. Looman, and J. B. Campbell. 1982. Prairie Grasses, Identified and

Described by Vegetative Characters. Ottawa, Canada: Canada Department of

Agriculture.

Boon, E. 1990. Nature’s Heartland: Native Plant Communities of the Great Plains.

Ames, IA: Iowa State Press.

Brown, P. M. 2006. Wild Orchids of the Prairies and Great Plains Region of North

America. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

Correll, D. S., and H. B. Correll. 1972. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Southwestern

United States. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Crittenden, M. 1992. Trees of the West. Blaine, WA: Hancock House.

Crittenden, M., and D. W. Telfer. 1992. Wildflowers of the West. Surrey, British

Columbia: Hancock House.

Ditomaso, J. M., and E. A. Healy. 2003. Aquatic and Riparian Weeds of the West.

Publication 3421. Oakland, CA: University of California Agriculture and Natural

Resources.

Ditomaso, J. M., and E. A. Healy. 2007. Weeds of California and Other Western States.

Publication 3488. Oakland, CA: University of California Agriculture and Natural

Resources.

Volume 1. Aizoaceae-Fabaceae.

Volume 2. Geraniaceae-Zygophyllaceae.

Freeman, C. C., and E. K. Schofield. 1991. Roadside Wildflowers of the Southern Great

Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.

Gould, F. W. 1977. Grasses of the Southwestern United States. Tucson, AZ: University of

Arizona Press.

Harrar, E. S., and J. G. Harrar. 1962. Guide to Southern Trees. Second edition. New York:

Dover Publications.

Jowsey, J. R., J. S. McLean, F. A. Switzer, and F. R. Vance. 1999. Wildflowers of the

Northern Great Plains. Third edition. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota

Press.

Kirkpatrick, Z. M. 1992. Wildflowers of the Western Plains: A Field Guide. Austin, TX:

University of Texas Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 68

Kurz, D. 2005. Central Region Seedling ID Guide for Native Prairie Plants. Elsberry,

MO: Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Ladd, D. 1995. Tallgrass Prairie Wildflowers: A Falcon Field Guide. Helena, MT: Falcon

Press Publishing.

Ladd, D. M., and F. Oberle. 2005. Tallgrass Prairie Wildflowers: A Field Guide to

Common Wildflowers and Plants of the Prairie Midwest. Second edition.

Helena, MT: Falcon Press Publishing.

Lahring, H. 2003. Water and Wetland Plants of the Prairie Provinces: A Field Guide for

Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and the Northern United States (Canadian

Plains Studies (CPS)). Regina, SK: Canadian Plains Research Center.

Larson, G. 1993. Aquatic and Wetland Vascular Plants of the Northern Great Plains.

Publication RM-238. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky

Mountain Research Station.

(http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/vascplnt/index.htm).

Little, E. L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western

Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Petrides, G. A., and O. Petrides. 1998. A Field Guide to Western Trees: Western United

States and Canada. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Petrides, G. A., and O. Petrides. 2005. Trees of the American Southwest. Mechanicsburg,

PA: Stackpole Books.

Rickett, H. W. 1966–1973. Wild Flowers of the United States. Volume 3. Texas. New

York: McGraw-Hill.

Rickett, H. W. 1966–1973. Wild Flowers of the United States. Volume 6. The Central

Mountains and Plains. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Spellenberg, R. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers,

Western Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Spellenberg, R. 1986. Familiar Flowers of North America: Western Region. New York:

Alfred A. Knopf.

Stein, J. D., D. Binion, and R. E. Acciavatti. 2003. Field Guide to Native Oak Species of

Eastern North America. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team.

Strickler, D. 1986. Prairie Wildflowers: Showy Wildflowers of the Plains, Valleys, and

Foothills in the Northern Rocky Mountain States. Columbia Falls, MT: Flower

Press.

Stubbendieck, J. 1989. Common Legumes of the Great Plains: An illustrated Guide.

Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Stubbendieck, J. S., S. L. Hatch, and C. H. Butterfield. 1997. North American Range

Plants. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 69

Vance, F. R., J. R. Jowsey, and J. S. McLean. 1993. Wildflowers Across the Prairies.

Vancouver: Greystone Books.

Vance, F. R., J. R. Jowsey, and J. S. McLean. 1999. Wildflowers of the Northern Great

Plains. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

Vines, R. A. 1960. Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of the Southwest. Austin, TX:

University of Texas Press.

Vitt, D. H., J. E. Marsh, and R. B. Bovey. 1988. Mosses, Lichens, and Ferns of Northwest

North America: A Photographic Field Guide. Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine

Publishing.

Whitson, T. D., L. C. Burrill, S. A. Dewey, D. W. Cudney, B. E. Nelson, R. D. Lee, and R.

Parker. 2002. Weeds of the West. Ninth edition. Laramie, WY: University of

Wyoming.

State Field Guides

Ajilvsgi, G. 2002. Wildflowers of Texas. Fredericksburg, TX: Shearer Publishing.

Allred, K. W. 2005. A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico. Third edition. Las

Cruces, NM: New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station.

Andrews, J. 1986. The Texas Bluebonnet. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Barkley, T. M. 1983. Field Guide to Common Weeds of Kansas. Lawrence, KS: University

Press of Kansas.

Beetle, A. A., and K. L. Johnson. 1982 (repr. 1996). Sagebrush in Wyoming. Bulletin 779.

Laramie, WY: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming.

Beetle, A. A., and M. May. 1971. Grasses of Wyoming. Research Journal 39. Laramie, WY:

Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming.

Booth, W. E. 1972. Grasses of Montana. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University.

Bowers, N., R. Bowers, and S. Tekiela. 2009. Wildflowers of Texas Field Guide.

Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

Carter, J. L. 1997. Trees and Shrubs of New Mexico. Boulder, CO: Mimbres Publishing.

Carter, J. L. 2006. Trees and Shrubs of Colorado. Silver City, NM: Mimbres Publishing.

Carter, J. L. n.d. Gymnosperms of New Mexico. Published by the author.

Coleman, R. A. 2002. The Wild Orchids of Arizona and New Mexico. Ithaca, NY: Cornell

University Press.

Correll, D. S. 1956. Ferns and Fern Allies of Texas. Renner, TX: Texas Research

Foundation.

Cox, P. E., and P. Leslie. 1988. Texas Trees: A Friendly Guide. San Antonio, TX: Corona

Publishing.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 70

Dittmer, H. J., E. F. Castetter, and O. M. Clark. 1954. The Ferns and Fern Allies of New

Mexico. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.

Dorn, R. D., and J. L. Dorn. 1984. Vascular Plants of Montana. Denver, CO: Mountain

West Publishing.

Dorn, R. D. 2001. Vascular Plants of Wyoming. Third edition. Denver, CO: Mountain

West Publishing.

Farrar, J. 1990. Field Guide to Wildflowers of Nebraska and the Great Plains. Lincoln,

NE: Nebraskaland Magazine, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission

Gould, F. W. 1975. The Grasses of Texas. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University

Press.

Hatch, S. L., and J. Pluhar. 1993. Texas Range Plants. College Station, TX: Texas A&M

University Press.

Husby, P., and P. Lesica. 2006. Field Guide to Montana’s Wetland Vascular Plants.

Helena, MT: Montana Wetlands Trust.

Ivey, R. D. 2003. Flowering Plants of New Mexico. Fourth edition. Published by the

author.

Johnson, J. R., G. Larson, and M. R. Brashier. 1999. Grassland Plants of South Dakota

and the Northern Great Plains. Brookings, SD: South Dakota State University,

College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, South Dakota Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Johnston, M. C. 1990. The Vascular Plants of Texas. Austin, TX: Published by the author.

Jones, A. 1992. Aster and Brachyactis (Asteraceae) in Oklahoma. Sida Bot. Miscellany

No. 8. Fort Worth, TX: Research Institute of Texas.

Kannowski, P. B. 1989. Wildflowers of North Dakota. Grand Forks, ND: University of

North Dakota Press.

Larson, G. 1983. The Aquatic and Wetland Vascular Plants of North Dakota. Fargo, ND:

North Dakota Water Resources Research Institute.

Lavin, M., and C. Seibert. 2003. Grasses of Montana. Bozeman, MT: Montana State

University.

Lee, R. D. 1999. New Mexico’s Invasive Weeds. Las Cruces, NM: New Mexico State

University.

Liggio, J., and A. O. Liggio. 1999. Wild Orchids of Texas. Austin, TX: University of Texas

Press.

Little, E. L. 1981. Forest Trees of Oklahoma. Oklahoma City, OK: State Department of

Agriculture.

Lommasson, R. C. 1973. Nebraska Wild Flowers. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska

Press.

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Loughmiller, C., and L. Loughmiller. 2006. Texas Wildflowers: A Field Guide. Austin,

TX: University of Texas Press.

Matsumura, Y. 1955. The True Aquatic Vascular Plants of Colorado. Fort Collins, CO:

Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station.

Mattiza, D. B. 1993. 100 Texas Wildflowers. Tucson, AZ: Southwest Parks and

Monuments Association.

McCoy, D. 1980. Roadside Wild Fruits of Oklahoma. Norman, OK: University of

Oklahoma Press.

McCoy, D. 1981. Roadside Trees and Shrubs of Oklahoma. Norman, OK: University of

Oklahoma Press.

McCoy, D. 1987. Oklahoma Wildflowers. Oklahoma City, OK: Published by the author.

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Trails and Waterways Division. 2002.

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Resource Managers. St. Paul, MN: Trails and Waterways Division, Minnesota

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Moyle, J. B., and E. W. Moyle. 2001. Northland Wildflowers: The Comprehensive Guide

to the Minnesota Region. Revised edition. Minneapolis, MN: University of

Minnesota Press.

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Fargo, ND: North Dakota State University Extension Service.

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Department of Agriculture.

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and Endangered Plants of New Mexico. Albuquerque, NM: University of New

Mexico Press.

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Houghton Mifflin.

Nieland, L. J., and W. F. Finley. 2009. Lone Star Wildflowers: A Guide to Texas

Flowering Plants. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University.

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Texas. B.L. Cunningham Productions.

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Petrik-Ott, A. J. 1979. The Pteridophytes of Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and North

Dakota, USA. Vaduz, Liechtenstein: Strauss and Cramer.

Poole, J. M., W. R. Carr, D. M. Price, and J. R. Singhurst. 2008. Rare Plants of Texas: A

Field Guide. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.

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Porter, C. L. 1979. Wyoming Trees. Agricultural Extension Service, B-690. Laramie, WY:

University of Wyoming.

Quam, V., D. Herman, and E. Behrens. 1993. Trees and Shrubs of North Dakota. Fargo,

ND: NDSU Extension Service.

Rathke, D. M. 1995. Minnesota Trees. Revised edition. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota

Extension Service, University of Minnesota, College of Natural Resources.

Schiemann, D. A. 2005. Wildflowers of Montana. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press

Publishing.

Schulz, E. D. 1928. Texas Wildflowers: A Popular Account of the Common Wild Flowers

of Texas. Chicago, IL: Laidlaw Brothers.

Shaw, R. B. 2008. Grasses of Colorado. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado.

Silveus, W. A. 1933. Texas Grasses: Classification and Description of Grasses. Published

by the author.

Simpson, B. J. 1992. A Field Guide to Texas Trees. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing.

Smith, W. R. 1993. Orchids of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota

Press.

Stahl, C., and R. McElvaney. 2005. Trees of Texas: An Easy Guide to Leaf Identification.

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Press Publishing.

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Institute for Regional Studies.

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University Press of Kansas.

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Plains. Lincoln, NE: Nebraska Department of Agriculture.

Tekiela, S. 1999. Wildflowers of Minnesota: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2001. Trees of Minnesota: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

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Publications.

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Bryan, TX: Lone Star Books.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 73

Turner, B. L. 1959. The Legumes of Texas. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Tyron, R. M. 1980. Ferns of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

USDA Forest Service. 1989. Idaho and Wyoming Endangered and Sensitive Plant Field

Guide. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Region.

Van Bruggen, T. 1974. Marsh and Aquatic Plants of South Dakota. Vermillion, SD:

University of South Dakota.

Van Bruggen, T. 1985. The Vascular Plants of South Dakota. Ames, IA: Iowa State Press.

Vines, R. A. 1960. Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines of the South-West. Austin, TX:

University of Texas Press.

Vines, R. A. 1977. Trees of East Texas. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Weniger, D. 1970. Cacti of the Southwest: Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and

Louisiana. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Weniger, D. 1984. Cacti of Texas and Neighboring States: A Field Guide. Austin, TX:

University of Texas Press.

Wills, M. M., and H. S. Irwin. 1961. Roadside Flowers of Texas. Austin, TX: University of

Texas Press.

Local Field Guides

Ajilvsgi, G. 1979. Wild Flowers of the Big Thicket, East Texas, and Western Louisiana.

College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.

Barker, W. T., and K. K. Sedivec. 1997. Selected North Dakota and Minnesota Range

Plants. Fargo, ND: North Dakota State University.

Cooper, D. 1989. A Handbook of Wetland Plants of the Rocky Mountain Region. Denver,

CO: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII.

Diggs, G. M., Jr., B. L. Lipscomb and R. J. O’Kennon. 1999. Shinners and Mahler’s

Illustrated Flora of North-central Texas. Fort Worth, TX: Botanical Research

Institute of Texas Press.

Diggs, G. M., Jr., B. L. Lipscomb, M. D. Reed and R. J. O’Kennon. 2006. The Illustrated

Flora of North-central Texas. Volume 1. Gymnosperms and Monocots. Fort

Worth, TX: Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press.

Dorn, R. D. 1977. Flora of the Black Hills. Cheyenne, WY: Mountain West Publishing.

Enquist, M. 1987. Wildflowers of the Texas Hill Country. Austin, TX: Lone Star

Botanical.

Everitt, J. H., D. L. Drawe, and R. I. Lonard. 2002. Trees, Shrubs and Cacti of South

Texas. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 74

Everitt, J. H., R. I. Lonard, and C. R. Little. 2007. Weeds in South Texas and Northern

Mexico: A Guide to Identification. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press.

Freeman, C. C., and E. K. Schofield. 1991. Roadside Wildflowers of the Southern Great

Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.

Gehlbach, F. R., L. M. Shields, and J. Crispin. 1965. Vascular Plants of Carlsbad Caverns

National Park, New Mexico, and Adjacent Guadalupe Mountains (New Mexico-

Texas). Carlsbad, NM: Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

Johnston, B. C. 2001. Field Guide to Sedge Species of the Rocky Mountain Region.

Publication R2-RR-01-03. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest

Service, Rocky Mountain Region.

Kershaw, L. J., J. Pojar, and A. MacKinnon. 1998. Plants of the Rocky Mountains.

Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine Publishing.

Kindscher, K, 1992. Medicinal Wild Plants of the Prairie. Lawrence, KS: University Press

of Kansas.

Kirkpatrick, Z. M. 1992. Wildflowers of the Western Plains: A Field Guide. Austin, TX:

University of Texas Press.

Lackschewitz, K. 1991. Vascular Plants of West-Central Montana: Identification Guide

Book. Publication INT-277. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest

Service, Intermountain Research Station.

Larson, G., and J.R. Johnson. 1999. Plants of the Black Hills and Bear Lodge Mountains.

Brookings, SD: South Dakota State University College of Agriculture and

Biological Sciences and South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station.

Lazarine, P. 1981. Common Wetland Plants of Southeast Texas. Galveston, TX: U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers.

Loflin, B., and L. Shirley. 2006. Grasses of the Texas Hill County: A Field Guide. College

Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.

Lynch, D. L. 1981. Native and Naturalized Woody Plants of Austin and the Hill Country.

Austin, TX: Acorn Press.

McKelvey, S. D. 1938-1947. Yuccas of the Southwestern United States. Parts 1 and 2.

Jamaica Plains, MA: Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University.

Morey, R. 2008. Little Big Bend: Common, Uncommon, and Rare Plants of Big Bend

National Park. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University.

Powell, M. A. 1994. Grasses of the Trans-Pecos and Adjacent Areas. Austin, TX:

University of Texas Press.

Powell, M. A. 1998. Trees and Shrubs of the Trans-Pecos and Adjacent Areas. Austin,

TX: University of Texas Press.

Richardson, A. 1990. Plants of the Southmost Texas. Brownsville, TX: Gorgas Science

Foundation.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 75

Ripley, J. D. 1994. Vegetation of the United States Air Force Academy and the Adjacent

Regions of the Pike National Forest, El Paso County, Colorado. Colorado

Springs, CO: Department of Biology, U.S. Air Force Academy.

Rose, F. L. 1986. Wildflowers of the Llano Estacado. Dallas, TX: Taylor Publishing

Company.

Schulz, E. D. 1922. 500 Wild Flowers of San Antonio and Vicinity. San Antonio, TX:

Press of San Antonio Printing.

Taylor, R. B., J. Rutledge, and J. G. Herrera. 1997. A Field Guide to Common South Texas

Shrubs. Austin, TX: Texas Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Division.

Tveten, J. L., and G. Tveten. 1997. Wild Flowers of Houston and Southeast Texas. Austin,

TX: Texas University Press.

Van Bruggen, T. 1992. Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Plants of the Northern Plains and

Black Hills. Fourth edition. Interior, SD: Badlands National Historical

Association.

Vines, R. A. 1977. Trees of East Texas. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Vines, R. A. 1981. Trees of North Texas. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Vines, R. A. 1984. Trees of Central Texas. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Wrede, J. 2005. Trees, Shrubs, and Vines of the Texas Hill Country: A Field Guide.

College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.

Yarborough, S. C., and A. M. Powell. 2002. Ferns and Fern Allies of the Trans-Pecos and

Adjacent Areas. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 76

Appendix H: Midwest: South Dakota,

Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa,

Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois,

Indiana, Ohio

Regional Floras

Barbour, A., and S. Barbour. 1995. Wild Flora of the Northeast. New York, NY: Penguin

Group USA.

Crow, G. E., and C. Hellquist. 2000. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Northeastern North

America. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Volume 1. Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.

Volume 2. Monocotyledons.

Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern

United States and Adjacent Canada. Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden.

Holmgren, N. H. 1998. Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. New

York, NY: New York Botanical Garden.

Magee, D. W., and H. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast: A Manual of the Vascular

Flora of New England and Adjacent New York. Amherst, MA: University of

Massachusetts Amherst.

State Floras

Braun, E. L. 1967. The Vascular Flora of Ohio: The Monocotyledoneae. Columbus, OH:

Ohio State University Press.

Braun, E. L. 1969. The Woody Plants of Ohio: Trees, Shrubs and Woody Climbers,

Native, Naturalized, and Escaped, A Contribution Toward the Vascular Flora of

Ohio. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.

Barkley, T. M. 1968. A Manual of the Flowering Plants of Kansas. Manhattan, KS:

Kansas State University, Endowment Association.

Clark, O. M. 1928. The Arborescent Flora of Oklahoma. Laramie, WY: University of

Wyoming.

Deam, C. C. 2002. Flora of Indiana. Caldwell, NJ: Blackburn Press.

Fassett, N. C., and O. S. Thomson. 1976. Spring Flora of Wisconsin: A Manual of Plants

Growing Without Cultivation and Flowering Before June 15. Fourth edition.

Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 77

Fisher, T. R. 1988. The Dicotyledoneae of Ohio, Part 3: Asteraceae. Columbus, OH: Ohio

State University Press.

Harvill, A. M. 1970. Spring Flora of Virginia. Parsons, WV: McClain Printing.

Jones, G. N. 1971. Flora of Illinois, Containing Keys for Identification of the Flowering

Plants and Ferns. Third edition. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame

Press.

Kaul, R. B., D. M. Sutherland, and S. B. Rolfsmeier. 2006. The Flora of Nebraska: Keys,

Descriptions, and Distributional Maps of all Native and Introduced Species that

Grow Outside Cultivation, with Observations about Their Past, Present, and

Future Status. Lincoln, NE: Conservation and Survey Division, School of Natural

Resources, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of

Nebraska-Lincoln.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1999–2006. The Illustrated Flora of Illinois. Carbondale, IL:

Southern Illinois University Press.

Ferns. 1999.

Flowering Plants: Polkweeds, Four O’clocks, Carpetweeds, Cacti, Purslanes,

Goosefoots, Pigweeds, and Pinks. 2001.

Flowering Plants: Rush to Rushes. 2006.

Flowering Plants: Smartweeds to Hazelnuts. 2002.

Grasses: Panicum to Danthonia. 2001.

Grasses: Bromus to Paspalum. 2002.

Sedges: Carex. 1999.

Sedges: Cyperus to Scleria. 2001.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 2002. Vascular Flora of Illinois. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois

University Press.

Monson, P. H. 1952. Marsh and Aquatic Dicotyledonous Flora of Iowa. Ames, IA: Iowa

State College.

Morley, T. 1969. Spring Flora of Minnesota, Including Common Cultivated Plants.

Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

Ohio State University of Science and Ohio Flora Committee. 1967. The Vascular Flora of

Ohio. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.

Pammel, L. H., and C. M. King. 1926. The Weed Flora of Iowa. Bulletin 4. Des Moines,

IA: Iowa Geological Survey.

Petersen, N. F. 1923. Flora of Nebraska: A List of Ferns, Conifers and Flowering Plants

of the State with Keys for their Determination. Published by the author.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 78

Porter, T. C. 1903. Flora of Pennsylvania. Boston: Ginn and Company.

Schaffner, J. H. 1993. Field Manual of the Flora of Ohio and Adjacent Territory.

Columbus, OH: R.G. Adams.

Shreve, F., M. A. Chrysler, F. H. Blodgett, and F. W. Besley. 1910. The Plant Life of

Maryland. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Stemen, T. R., and W. S. Meyers. 1929. Spring Flora of Oklahoma, with Key. Oklahoma

City, OK: Harlow Publishing.

Stemen, T. R., and W. S. Meyers. 1937. Oklahoma Flora (Illustrated). Oklahoma City,

OK: Harlow Publishing.

Steyermark, J. A. 1940. Spring Flora of Missouri. St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical

Garden.

Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press

Unknown. 1933. Flora of Wisconsin, Part 1. Streamwood, IL: North American Press.

Voss, E. G. 1972–1996. Michigan Flora. Bloomfield Hills, MI: Cranbrook Institute of

Science; Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Herbarium.

Part 1: Gymnosperms and Monocots. 1972.

Part 2: Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). 1985.

Part 3: Dicots (Pyrolaceae-Compositae). 1996.

Waterfall, U. T. 1969. Keys to the Flora of Oklahoma. Stillwater, OK: Department of

Botany, Oklahoma State University.

Yatskievych, G. 1999–2006. Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri. St. Louis, MO: Missouri

Department of Conservation, in cooperation with the Missouri Botanical Garden

Press.

Volume 1. 1999.

Volume 2. 2006.

Local Floras

Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University

of Kansas Press.

Hitchcok, A. S., and P. C. Standley. 1919. Flora of the District of Columbia and Vicinity.

Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.

Hough, R. B. 1907. Handbook of the Trees of the Northern States and Canada East of the

Rocky Mountains. Lowville, NY: Published by the author.

Jennings, O. E. 1953. Wild Flowers of Western Pennsylvania and the Upper Ohio Basin.

Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburg Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 79

Field Guides

Regional Field Guides

Antonio, T. M., and S. Masi. 2001. The Sunflower Family in the Upper Midwest: A

Photographic Guide to the Asteraceae in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan,

Minnesota and Wisconsin. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana Academy of Science in

collaboration with Chicago Botanic Garden.

Bates, J. 1995. Trailside Botany: 101 Favorite Trees, Shrubs and Wildflowers of the

Upper Midwest. Duluth, MN: Pfeifer-Hamilton.

Batson, W. T. 1984. A Guide to the Genera of the Eastern Plants. Columbia, SC:

University of South Carolina Press.

Blackburn, B. 1952. Trees and Shrubs in Eastern North America. New York, NY: Oxford

University Press.

Borman, S., R. Korth, and J. Temte. 1997. Through the Looking Glass: A Field Guide to

Aquatic Plants. Stevens Point, WI: Wisconsin Lakes Partnership.

Brown, H. P. 1938. Trees of the Northeastern United States, Native and Naturalized.

Revised edition. Boston, MA: Christopher Publishing House.

Brown, L. 1992. Grasses: An Identification Guide. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin

Harcourt.

Clemants, S. E., and C. Gracie. 2006. Wildflowers in the Field and Forest: A Field Guide

to the Northeastern United States. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Cobb, B., E. Farnsworth, and C. Lowe. 2005. A Field Guide to Ferns and their Related

Families: Northeastern and Central North America. Second edition. Boston,

MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Courtenay, B., and J. H. Zimmerman. 1972. Wildflowers and Weeds. New York, NY: Van

Nostrand Reinhold.

Duncan, W. H., and M. B. Duncan. 1999. Wildflowers of the Eastern United States.

Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Edsail, M. S. 1985. Roadside Plants and Flowers: A Traveler’s Guide to the Midwest and

Great Lakes Area, with a Few Familiar Off-Road Wildflowers. Madison, WI:

University of Wisconsin Press.

Fernald, M. L., and A. Gray. 1970. Manual of Botany: A Handbook of the Flowering

Plants and Ferns of the Central and Northeastern United States and Adjacent

Canada. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Graves, A. H. 1956. Illustrated Guide to Trees and Shrubs: A Handbook of the Woody

Plants of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Regions. New York:

Harper and Brothers.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 80

Grimm, W. C. 1983. The Illustrated Book of Trees, with Keys for Summer and Winter

Identification. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books.

Grimm, W. C. 1992. The Illustrated Book of Wildflowers and Shrubs: The

Comprehensive Field Guide to More than 1,300 Plants of Eastern North

America. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books.

Harlow, W. M. 1959. Fruit Key and Twig Key to Trees and Shrubs: Fruit Key to

Northeastern Trees, Twig Key to the Deciduous Woody Plants of Eastern North

America. New York: Dover Publications.

Ladd, D. 1995. Tallgrass Prairie Wildflowers: A Falcon Field Guide. Helena, MT: Falcon

Press Publishing.

Ladd, D. M., and F. Oberle. 2005. Tallgrass Prairie Wildflowers: A Field Guide to

Common Wildflowers and Plants of the Prairie Midwest. Second edition.

Helena, MT: Falcon Press Publishing.

Leopold, D. J., W. C. McComb, and R. N. Muller. 1998. Trees of the Central Hardwood

Forests of North America: An Identification and Cultivation Guide. Portland,

OR: Timber Press.

Little, E. L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern

Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Miller, H. A., and H. E. Jaques. 1978. How to Know the Trees. Third edition. Dubuque,

IA: W.C. Brown.

Newcomb, L. 1977. Newcomb’s Wildflower Guide: An Ingenious New Key System for

Quick, Positive Field Identification of the Wildflowers, Flowering Shrubs and

Vines of Northeastern and North Central North America. Boston, MA: Little,

Brown.

Niering, W. A., and N. C. Olmstead. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North

American Wildflowers: Eastern Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Peterson, R. T., and M. McKenny. 1968. A Field Guide to Wildflowers of

Northeastern/Northcentral North America. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Petrides, G. A. 1972. A Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs: Field Marks of all Trees, Shrubs,

and Woody Vines that Grow Wild in the Northeastern and Northcentral United

States and in Southeastern and South-Central Canada. Second edition. Boston,

MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Petrides, G. A. 1998. A Field Guide to Eastern Trees: Eastern United States and Canada,

Including the Midwest. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Runkel, S. T., and D. M. Roosa. 1989. Wildflowers of the Tallgrass Prairie: The Upper

Midwest. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.

Stein, J. D., D. Binion, and R. E. Acciavatti. 2003. Field Guide to Native Oak Species of

Eastern North America. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 81

Uva, R. H., J. C. Neal, and J. M. DiTomaso. 1997. Weeds of the Northeast. Ithaca, NY:

Comstock Publishing Associates.

Wherry, E. T. 1995. The Fern Guide, Northeastern and Midland United States and

Adjacent Canada. New York: Dover Publications.

Williams, M. D. 2007. Identifying Trees: An all-Season Guide to Eastern North America.

Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.

State Field Guides

Black, M. R., and E. J. Judziewicz. 2009. Wildflowers of Wisconsin and the Great Lakes.

Second edition. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Cliburn, J., and G. Wallace. 2003. A Key to Missouri Trees in Winter: An Identification

Guide. Jefferson City, MO: Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri.

Conrad, H. S. 1958. Plants of Iowa. Seventh edition. Grinnell, IA: Published by the

author.

Cooperrider, T. S. 1982. Endangered and Threatened Plants of Ohio. Notes No. 16

Columbus, OH: Ohio Biological Survey.

Cooperrider, T. S. 1995. The Dicotyledoneae of Ohio. Part 2: Linaceae through

Campanulaceae. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.

Curtis, J. 1971. The Vegetation of Wisconsin. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin

Press.

Denison, E., and K. Love. 1989. Missouri Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Wildflowers of

Missouri and Adjacent Areas. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Department of

Conservation.

Eggers, S. D., and D. M. Reed. 1997. Wetland Plants and Plant Communities of

Minnesota and Wisconsin. Second edition. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Army Corp of

Engineers, St. Paul District.

Eilers, L. J., and D. M. Roosa. 1991. The Vascular Plants of Iowa. Iowa City, IA:

University of Iowa Press.

Farrar, J. 1990. Field Guide to Wildflowers of Nebraska and the Great Plains. Lincoln,

NE: Nebraskaland Magazine, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission.

Fassett, N. C. 1939. The Leguminous Plants of Wisconsin: The Taxonomy, Ecology, and

Distribution of the Leguminosae Growing in the State without Cultivation.

Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Fassett, N. C. 1951. Grasses of Wisconsin. 1980 Printing. Madison, WI: University of

Wisconsin Press.

Hipp, A. L. 2008. Field Guide to Wisconsin Sedges. Madison, WI: University of

Wisconsin Press.

Homoya, M. A. 1993. Orchids of Indiana. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 82

Horn, D., and T. Cathcart. 2005. Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the

Southern Appalachians: The Official Field Guide of the Tennessee Native Plant

Society. Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine Publishing.

Hui-Lin, L. 1972. Trees of Pennsylvania, the Atlantic States and the Lake States.

Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Jackson, M. T., K. Harrington, and R. Rathfon. 2004. 101 Trees of Indiana: A Field

Guide. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Johnson, J. R., G. Larson, and M. R. Brashier. 1999. Grassland Plants of South Dakota

and the Northern Great Plains. Brookings, SD: South Dakota State University,

College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, South Dakota Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Jones, A. 1992. Aster and Brachyactis (Asteraceae) in Oklahoma. Sida Bot. Miscellany

No. 8. Fort Worth, TX: Research Institute of Texas.

Kershaw, L. J. 2006. Trees of Michigan, Including Tall Shrubs. Edmonton, Alberta: Lone

Pine Publishing.

Kershaw, L., C. P. Dunn, and C. W. Hamilton. 2007. Trees of Illinois. Auburn, WA: Lone

Pine Publishing.

Kucera, C. L. 1998. The Grasses of Missouri. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press.

Kurz, D. 1997. Shrubs and Woody Vines of Missouri: Descriptions, Detailed Illustrations

and Uses in Landscaping. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Department of

Conservation.

Kurz, D. 2004. Illinois Wildflowers. Cave Mountain, AR: Cloudland Publishing.

Little, E. L. 1981. Forest Trees of Oklahoma. Oklahoma City, OK: State Department of

Agriculture.

Lommasson, R. C. 1973. Nebraska Wild Flowers. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska

Press.

Lund, H. C. 1998. Michigan Wildflowers in Color. Holt, MI: Thunder Bay Press.

Lunn, E. T. 1982. Plants of the Illinois Dunesland. Zion, IL: Illinois Dunesland

Preservation Society.

McCoy, D. 1980. Roadside Wild Fruits of Oklahoma. Norman, OK: University of

Oklahoma Press.

McCoy, D. 1981. Roadside Trees and Shrubs of Oklahoma. Norman, OK: University of

Oklahoma Press.

McCoy, D. 1987. Oklahoma Wildflowers. Oklahoma City, OK: D. McCoy.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 83

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Trails and Waterways Division. 2002.

Minnesota Invasive Non-Native Terrestrial Plants: An Identification Guide for

Resource Managers. St. Paul, MN: Trails and Waterways Division, Minnesota

Department of Natural Resources.

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2003. Field Guide to the Native Plant

Communities of Minnesota: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province. St. Paul,

MN: Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological

Survey, and Natural Heritage and Non-Game Research Program.

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2005. Field Guide to the Native Plant

Communities of Minnesota: The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province. St. Paul,

MN: Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological

Survey, and Natural Heritage and Non-Game Research Program.

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2005. Field Guide to the Native Plant

Communities of Minnesota: The Prairie Parkland and Tall Grass Aspen

Parkland Province. St. Paul, MN: Ecological Land Classification Program,

Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Non-Game

Research Program.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1980. Spring Woodland Wildflowers of Illinois. Springfield, IL:

Illinois Department of Conservation, Division of Forestry.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1981. Wildflowers of Fields, Roadsides, and Open Habitats of

Illinois. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Conservation, Division of Forest

Resources and Natural Heritage.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1985. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Illinois. Carbondale, IL:

Southern Illinois University.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. (ed). 1988. A Field Guide to the Wetlands of Illinois. Springfield, IL:

Illinois Department of Conservation, Division of Planning.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1990. Forest Trees of Illinois. Eighth edition. Springfield, IL: Illinois

Department of Natural History.

Moyle, J. B., and E. W. Moyle. 2001. Northland Wildflowers: The Comprehensive Guide

to the Minnesota Region. Revised edition. Minneapolis, MN: University of

Minnesota Press.

Nebraska Department of Agriculture. 1979. Nebraska Weeds. Lincoln, NE: Nebraska

Department of Agriculture.

Owensby, C. E. 1980. Kansas Prairie Wildflowers. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.

Petrik-Ott, A. J. 1979. The Pteridophytes of Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and North

Dakota, USA. Vaduz, Liechtenstein: Strauss and Cramer.

Rabeler, R. K. 2007. Gleason’s Plants of Michigan. Ann Arbor, MI: University of

Michigan Press.

Rathke, D. M. 1995. Minnesota Trees. Revised edition. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota

Extension Service, University of Minnesota, College of Natural Resources.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 84

Rosendahl, C. O. 1963. Trees and Shrubs of the Upper Midwest. Minneapolis, MN:

University of Minnesota Press.

Runkel, S. T., and A. F. Bull. 1987. Wildflowers of Iowa Woodlands. Ames, IA: Iowa State

University Press.

Runkel, S. T., and A. F. Bull. 1994. Wildflowers of Illinois Woodlands. Ames, IA: Iowa

State University Press.

Runkel, S. T., and A. F. Bull. 1994. Wildflowers of Indiana Woodlands. Ames, IA: Iowa

State University Press.

Runkel, S. T., and D. M. Roosa. 1999. Wildflowers and Other Plants of Iowa Wetlands.

Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.

Shaw, T.E. 1981. Fifty Trees of Indiana. First revised edition. Indianapolis, IN: Division

of Forestry, Department of Natural Resources, Indiana, and the Department of

Forestry and Conservation, Purdue University.

Shirley, S. 1994. Restoring the Tallgrass Prairie: An Illustrated Manual for Iowa and

the Upper Midwest. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.

Smith, N. F. 1995. Trees of Michigan and the Upper Great Lakes. Revised sixth edition.

Lansing, MI: Thunder Bay Press.

Smith, W. R. 1993. Orchids of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota

Press.

Smith, W. 2008. The Trees and Shrubs of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN: University of

Minnesota Press.

Stevens, H. A. 1969. Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines in Kansas. Lawrence, KS:

University Press of Kansas.

Stevens, O. A. 1950. Handbook of North Dakota Plants. Fargo, ND: Knight Printing.

Stubbendieck, J., G. Y. Friisoe, and M. R. Bolick. 1995. Weeds of Nebraska and Great

Plains. Lincoln, NE: Nebraska Department of Agriculture.

Summers, B. 1996. Missouri Orchids. Third edition. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri

Department of Conservation.

Tekiela, S. 1999. Wildflowers of Minnesota: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2000. Wildflowers of Michigan: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2000. Wildflowers of Wisconsin: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2001. Trees of Minnesota: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 85

Tekiela, S. 2001. Wildflowers of Ohio: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2002. Trees of Michigan: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2002. Trees of Wisconsin: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure

Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2004. Trees of Ohio: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2006. Trees of Illinois: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

Tekiela, S. 2006. Trees of Indiana: Field Guide. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

Tryon, R. M., N. C. Fassett, D. W. Dunlop, and M. E. Diemer. 1953. The Ferns and Fern

Allies of Wisconsin. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Tryon, R. M. 1980. Ferns of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

Van Bruggen, T. 1974. Marsh and Aquatic Plants of South Dakota. Vermillion, SD:

University of South Dakota.

Van Bruggen, T. 1985. The Vascular Plants of South Dakota. Ames, IA: Iowa State Press.

Weishaupt, C. G. 1971. Vascular Plants of Ohio. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.

Yatskievych, K. 2000. Field Guide to Indiana Wildflowers. Bloomington, IN: Indiana

University Press.

Local Field Guides

Brown, P. M. 2005. Wild Orchids of the Canadian Maritimes and the Northern Great

Lakes Region. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

Case, F. W., Jr. 1987. Orchids of the Western Great Lakes Region. Revised edition.

Bulletin 48. Bloomfield Hills, MI: Cranbrook Institute of Science.

Chadde, S. 1998. A Great Lakes Wetland Flora: A Complete, Illustrated Guide to Aquatic

and Wetland Plants of the Upper Midwest. Calumet, MI: PocketFlora Press.

Guldner, L. F. 1960. The Vascular Plants of Scott and Muscatine Counties [Iowa].

Davenport, IA: Davenport Public Museum.

Haller, K. S. 1994. Walking with Wildflowers: A Field Guide to the St. Louis Area.

Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press.

Hoagman, W. J. 1994. Great Lakes Coastal Plants: A Field Guide. East Lansing, MI:

Michigan State University.

Illick, J. S., and S. Harrington. 1998. Trees of the Great Lakes Region. St. Ignace, MI:

Maritime Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 86

Mahlberg, P. G., and M. W. Mahlberg. 2000. Wildflowers of Door County: Wisconsin’s

Unique Floral Preserve: A Field Guide. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University

Press.

Oslund, C., and M. Oslund. 2002. What’s Doin’ the Bloomin’?: Pictorial Field Guide to

Wildflowers, by Season, of the Upper Great Lakes Regions, Eastern Canada and

Northeastern U.S. Duluth, MN: Plant Pics.

Simonds, R. L., and H. H. Tweedie. 1997. Wildflowers of the Great Lakes Region. Second

edition. Champaign, IL: Stipes Publishing.

Stevens, O. A. 1966. Plants of Bottineau County, North Dakota. Bottineau, ND: North

Dakota Institute of Regional Studies, North Dakota School of Forestry.

Swink, F., and G. Wilhelm. 1994. Plants of the Chicago Region. Fourth edition. Lisle, IL:

Morton Arboretum.

Weaterbee, E. E. 2006. Guide to Great Lakes Coastal Plants. Ann Arbor, MI: University

of Michigan Press.

Young, D. 2007. Kane County Wild Plants and Natural Areas: Kane County. Third

edition. Geneva, IL: Kane County Forest Preserve District.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 87

Appendix I: Northcentral and Northeast:

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York,

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island,

New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan,

Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana

Regional Floras

Barbour, A., and S. Barbour. 1995. Wild Flora of the Northeast. New York, NY: Penguin

Group USA.

Crow, G. E., and C. Hellquist. 2000. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Northeastern North

America. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Volume 1: Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.

Volume 2: Monocotyledons.

Gleason, H. A. 1963. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern

United States and Adjacent Canada. New York, NY: Hafner Publishing.

Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern

United States and Adjacent Canada. New York, NY: New York Botanical Garden.

Holmgren, N. H. 1998. Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist’s Manual. New

York, NY: New York Botanical Garden.

Magee, D. W., and H. Ahles. 2007. Flora of the Northeast: A Manual of the Vascular

Flora of New England and Adjacent New York. Second edition. Amherst, MA:

University of Massachusetts Amherst.

State Floras

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Fassett, N. C., and O. S. Thomson. 1976. Spring Flora of Wisconsin: A Manual of Plants

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England.

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Miller, H. A., and H. E. Jaques. 1978. How to Know the Trees. Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown.

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Newcomb, L. 1977. Newcomb’s Wildflower Guide: An Ingenious New Key System for

Quick, Positive Field Identification of the Wildflowers, Flowering Shrubs and

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Eastern North America. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest

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Tiner, R. W., A. Rorer, and R. H. Wiegand. 1988. Field Guide to Nontidal Wetland

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Ahmadjain, V. 1979. Flowering Plants of Massachusetts. Amherst, MA: University of

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Antonio, T. M., and S. Masi. 2001. The Sunflower Family in the Upper Midwest: A

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Baldwin, H. I. 1993. Forest Leaves: How to Identify Trees and Shrubs of Northern New

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Brown, R. G., and M. L. Brown. 1972. Woody Plants of Maryland. College Park, MD:

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Chapman, W. K. 1996. Orchids of the Northeast: A Field Guide. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse

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Fassett, N. C. 1951. Grasses of Wisconsin. 1980 printing. Madison, WI: University of

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Common Wildflowers of the Central Appalachian Mountains, Including

Shenandoah National Park, the Catskill Mountains, and the Berkshire

Mountains. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot Press.

Simonds, R. L., and H. H. Tweedie. 1997. Wildflowers of the Great Lakes Region. Second

edition. Champaign, IL: Stipes Publishing.

Strauch, J. G. 1995. Wildflowers of the Berkshire and Taconic Hills. Stockbridge, MA:

Berkshire House Publishers.

Swink, F., and G. Wilhelm. 1994. Plants of the Chicago Region. Fourth edition. Lisle, IL:

Morton Arboretum.

Weaterbee, E. E. 2006. Guide to Great Lakes Coastal Plants. Ann Arbor, MI: University

of Michigan Press.

Young, D. 2007. Kane County Wild Plants and Natural Areas: Kane County. Third

edition. Geneva, IL: Kane County Forest Preserve District.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 100

Appendix J: Pacific Islands: Hawaiian Islands,

Northern Mariana Islands, Guam

Regional Floras

Degener, O., and I. Degener. 1986. Flora Hawaiiensis: The New Illustrated Flora of the

Hawaiian Islands. Published by the author.

Hillebrand, W. 1888. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: A Description of their

Phanerogams and Vascular Cryptogams. Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter,

University Bookstore.

Staples, G. W., and D. R. Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora: Plants Cultivated in

the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, HI: Bishop Museum

Press.

Islands Floras

Stone, B. C. 1970. Flora of Guam. A Manual for the Identification of the Vascular Plants

of the Island. Mangilao, Guam: University of Guam.

Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of

Hawai’i. Revised edition. Two volumes. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press

and Bishop Museum Press.

Local Floras

Bishop, L. E., and D. R. Herbst. 1970. On the Vegetation and Flora of Moanalua Valley,

Oahu. Published by the authors.

Henrickson, J. 1971. Vascular Flora of the Northeast Outer Slopes of Haleakala Crater.

East Maui, HI: The Nature Conservancy.

Field Guides

Regional Field Guides

Elevitch, C. 2006. Traditional Trees of Pacific Islands. Honolulu, HI: Permanent

Agriculture Resources.

Raulerson, L., and A. Rinehart. 1991. Trees and Shrubs of the Northern Mariana Islands.

Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands: Coastal Resources Management Office of the

Governor.

Raulerson, L., and A.F. Rinehart. 1992. Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands.

Published by the authors.

Stemmermann, L. 1981. A Guide to Pacific Wetland Plants. Honolulu, HI: U.S. Army

Corps of Engineers, Honolulu District.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 101

Vogt, S. R., and L. L. Williams. 2004. Common Flora and Fauna of the Mariana Islands.

Published by the authors.

Whistler, W. A. 1980. Coastal Flowers of the Tropical Pacific: A Guide to Widespread

Seashore Plants of the Pacific Islands. Lawai, HI: Pacific Tropical Botanical

Garden.

Whistler, W. A. 1993. Flowers of the Pacific Island Seashore: A Guide to the Littoral

Plants of Hawai’i, Tahiti, Samoa, Tonga, Cook Islands, Fiji, and Micronesia.

Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Whistler, W. A. 1996. Wayside Plants of the Islands: A Guide to the Lowland Flora of the

Pacific Islands, Including Hawaii, Samoa, Tonga, Tahiti, Fiji, Guam, Belau.

Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Whistler, W. A. 2000. Tropical Ornamentals: A Guide. Portland, OR: Timber Press.

Island Field Guides

Carlquist, S. 1980. Hawaii, A Natural History. Geology, Climate, Native Flora and

Fauna above the Shoreline. Second edition. Honolulu, HI: Pacific Tropical

Botanical Garden.

Erickson, T. A., and C. F. Puttock. 2006. Hawai’i Wetland Field Guide: An Ecological

and Identification Guide to Wetlands and Wetland Plants of the Hawaiian

Islands. Honolulu, HI: Bess Press.

Hall, J. B. 2008. A Hiker’s Guide to Trailside Plants in Hawai’i. Honolulu, HI: Mutual

Publishing.

Haselwood, E. L., G. G. Motter, and R. T. Hirano.1983. Handbook of Hawaiian Weeds.

Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Herbst, D. R., and W. L. Wagner. 1992. Alien plants on the northwestern Hawaiian

Islands. In Alien Plant Invasions in Native Ecosystems of Hawai’i: Management

and Research (C. P Stone, C. W. Smith, and J. T. Tunison, ed.). 189–224.

Honolulu, HI: Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of

Hawai’i at Manoa.

Kepler, A. K. 1991. Trees of Hawai’i. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Kepler, A. K. 1995. Maui’s Floral Splendor: A Friendly Color Identification Guide to the

Native and Introduced Flowers of all the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu, HI:

Mutual Publishing.

Kepler, A. K. 1997. Hawaii’s Floral Splendor: A Friendly Color Identification Guide to

the Native and Introduced Flowers of All the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu, HI:

Mutual Publishing.

Lincoln, N. K. 2009. Amy Greenwell Garden Ethnobotanical Guide to Native Hawaiian

Plants and Polynesian-Introduced Plants. Honolulu, HI: Bishop Museum Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 102

Little, E. L., Jr., and R. G. Skolmen. 1989. Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and

Introduced). Agriculture Handbook 679. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service.

Merlin, M. D. 1990. Hawaiian Coastal Plants and Scenic Shorelines and Hawaiian

Forest Plants: An Illustrated Field Guide. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii

Press.

Merlin, M. D. 1995. Hawaiian Forest Plants: An Illustrated Guide. Honolulu, HI: Pacific

Guide Books.

Motooka, P., L. Castro, D. Nelson, G. Nagai, and L. Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawai’i’s

Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide.

Honolulu, HI: College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University

of Hawai’i at Manoa.

Neal, M. C. 1965. In Gardens of Hawaii. Second edition. Special Publication 50.

Honolulu, HI: Bishop Museum Press.

Palmer, D. D. 2003. Hawai’i’s Fern and Fern Allies. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i

Press.

Pratt, H. D. 1998. A Pocket Guide to Hawai’i’s Trees and Shrubs. Honolulu, HI: Mutual

Publishing.

Sohmer, S. H., and R. Gustafson. 1987. Plants and Flowers of Hawaii. Honolulu, HI:

University of Hawaii Press.

Valier, K. 1995. Ferns of Hawaii. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Walther, M. 2004. A Guide to Hawaii’s Coastal Plants. Honolulu, HI: Mutual Publishing.

Whistler, W. A. 2004. Rainforest Trees of Samoa: A Guide to the Common Lowland and

Foothill Forest Trees of the Samoan Archipelago. Honolulu, HI: Isle Botanica.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 103

Appendix K: Western Mountains, Valleys and

Coast: California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho,

Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, South

Dakota, Arizona, New Mexico

Regional Floras

Abrams, L. 1923–1960. An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon,

and California. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Volume 1: Ophioglossaceae to Aristolochiaceae, Ferns to Birthworts. 1923.

Volume 2: Polygonaceae to Krameriaceae, Buckwheats to Kramerias. 1944.

Volume 3: Geraniaceae to Scrophulariaceae, Geraniums to Figworts. 1951.

Volume 4: Bignoniaceae to Compositae, Bignonias to Sunflowers. 1960.

Cronquist, A., et al. 1972–2005. Intermountain Flora: Vascular Plants of the

Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden Press.

Volume 1. Geological and Botanical History of the Region, its Plant Geography

and Glossary. The Vascular Cryptogams and the Gymnosperms.

Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, and J. L. Reveal. 1972.

Volume 2, Part B. Subclass Dilleniidae. Cronquist, A., N. H. Holmgren, and P. K.

Holmgren. 2005.

Volume 3, Part A. Subclass Rosidae (except Fabales). Cronquist, A., N. H.

Holmgren, P. K. Holmgren, and J. L. Reveal. 1997.

Volume 3, Part B. Fabales. Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L.

Reveal, P. K. Holmgren, and R. C. Barneby. 1990.

Volume 4. Subclass Asteridae (except Asteraceae). Cronquist, A., A. H.

Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1984.

Volume 5. Asterales. Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L.

Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1994.

Volume 6. The monocotyledons. Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren,

J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1994.

Hitchcock, C. L., and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest: An Illustrated

Manual. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 104

Hitchcock, C. L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and J. W. Thompson. 1955!1969. Vascular

Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Parts 1–5. Seattle, WA: University of Washington

Press.

Hitchcock, C. L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and J. W. Thompson. 1993. Western Wetland

Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, West Technical Center.

State Floras

Allfred, K. W. 2008. Flora Neomexicana I: The Vascular Plants of New Mexico. Las

Cruces, NM: New Mexico State University.

Baldwin, B. G., S. Boyd, B. J. Ertter, R. W. Patterson, T. J. Rosatti, D. H. Wilken, and M.

Wetherwax. 2002. The Jepson Desert Manual: Vascular Plants of Southeastern

California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Booth, W. E., and J. C. Wright Booth. 1977-1996. Flora of Montana. Bozeman, MT:

Montana State University.

Part I. Conifers and Monocots. 1977.

Part II. Dicotyledons. 1996.

Davis, R. J. 1952. Flora of Idaho. Dubuque, ID: William C. Brown.

Hahn, B. E., and W. E. Booth. 1977. Flora of Montana: Conifers and Monocots.

Bozeman, MT: Montana State University.

Harrington, H. D. 1979. Manual of the Plants of Colorado: For the Identification of the

Ferns and Flowering Plants of the State. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms

International.

Jepson, W. L., and J. C. Hickman. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of

California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Kearney, T. H., and R. H. Peebles. 1960. Arizona Flora. Berkeley, CA: University of

California Press.

Martin, W. C., and C. R. Hutchins. 1980, 1981. A Flora of New Mexico. Volumes 1, 2.

Vaduz, Germany: J. Cramer.

Mason, H. L. 1957. A Flora of the Marshes of California. Los Angeles, CA: University of

California Press.

Munz, P. A., and D. D. Keck. 1968. A California Flora: Supplement. Berkeley, CA:

University of California Press.

Piper, C. V. 1906. Flora of the State of Washington. Washington, DC: U.S. Government

Printing Office.

Porter, C. L. 1962. A Flora of Wyoming. Laramie, WY: Agricultural Experiment Station,

University of Wyoming.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 105

Rydberg, P. A. 1906. Flora of Colorado. Fort Collins, CO: The Experiment Station.

Tidestrom, I., and P. Ross. 1969. Flora of Utah and Nevada. Port Jervis, NY: Lubrecht

and Cramer.

Welsh, S. L., N. D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L. C. Higgins. 2007. A Utah Flora. Provo,

UT: Brigham Young University.

Wooton, E. O., and P. C. Standley. 1915. Flora of New Mexico. Washington, DC: U.S.

Government Printing Office.

Local Floras

Beattie, R. K. 1914. Flora of Southeastern Washington and Adjacent Idaho. Published by

the author and C.V. Piper.

Biek, D. 2000. Flora of Mount Rainer National Park. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State

University Press.

Buckingham, N. M., Northwest Interpretive Association, and Washington Native Plant

Society. 1995. Flora of the Olympic Peninsula. Seattle, WA: Northwest

Interpretive Association.

Ells, J. 2006. Rocky Mountain Flora. Golden, CO: Colorado Mountain Club Press.

Evert, E. F. 2010. Vascular Plants of the Greater Yellowstone Area: Annotated Catalog

and Atlas. Park Ridge, IL: Published by the author.

Gillett, G. W., J. T. Howell, and H. Leschike. 1995. A Flora of Lassen Volcanic National

Park, California. Sacramento, CA: California Native Plant Society.

Hall, H. M., and C. C. Hall. 1912. A Yosemite Flora. San Francisco, CA: Paul Elder and

Company Publishers.

Komarek, S. 1994. Flora of the San Juans: A Field Guide to the Mountain Plants of

Southwestern Colorado. Durango, CO: Kivaki.

Layser, E. F. 1980. Flora of Pend Oreille County, Washington. Pullman, WA: Washington

State University, Cooperative Extension.

Lesica, P. 2002. Flora of Glacier National Park, Montana. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State

University Press.

Lloyd, R. M., and R. S. Mitchell. 1973. A Flora of the White Mountains, California and

Nevada. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Mansfield, D. H. 2000. Flora of Steens Mountain. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University

Press.

Mason, H. L. 1957. A Flora of the Marshes of California. Berkeley, CA: University of

California Press.

Muenscher, W. C. 1941. The Flora of Whatcom County, State of Washington. Ithaca, NY:

Published by the author.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 106

Rydberg, P. A. 1969. Flora of the Rocky Mountains and Adjacent Plains, Colorado, Utah,

Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Neighboring Parts of

Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, NY:

Hafner Publishing Company.

St. John, H. S. 1963. Flora of Southeastern Washington and of Adjacent Idaho.

Escondido, CA: Outdoor Pictures.

Scott, R. W. 1995. The Alpine Flora of the Rocky Mountains. Volume 1. The Middle

Rockies. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.

Standley, P. C. 1921. Flora of Glacier National Park, Montana. Washington, DC: U.S.

Government Printing Office.

Steward, A. N. 1985. Aquatic Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State

University Press.

Weber, W. A., and R. C. Wittman. 2001. Colorado Flora: Eastern Slope. Boulder, CO:

University Press of Colorado.

Weber, W. A., and R. C. Wittman. 2001. Colorado Flora: Western Slope. Boulder, CO:

University Press of Colorado.

Weber, W. A. 1976. Rocky Mountain Flora: A Field Guide for the Identification of the

Ferns, Conifers, and Flowering Plants of the Southern Rocky Mountains from

Pikes Peak to Rocky Mountain National Park and from the Plains to the

Continental Divide. Boulder, CO: Colorado Associated University Press.

Weeden, N. F., and A. David. 1996. A Sierra Nevada Flora. Fourth edition. Berkeley, CA:

Wilderness.

Field Guides

Regional Field Guides

Arnberger, L. P. 1982. Flowers of the Southwest Mountains. Globe, AZ: Southwest Parks

and Monuments Association.

Arno, S.F., and R. P. Hammerly. 1977. Northwest Trees. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers.

Baerg, H. J. 1973. How to Know the Western Trees. Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown.

Bernstein, A. 1988. Native Trees of the Northwest: A Pocket Guide. Grants Pass, OR:

New Leaf Books.

Bever, D. N. 1981. Northwest Conifers: A Photographic Key. Portland, OR: Binford and

Mort.

Bowers, J. 1987. 100 Roadside Wildflowers of Southwest Woodlands. Tucson, AZ:

Southwest Parks and Monuments Association.

Brown, P. M. 2006. Wild Orchids of the Pacific Northwest and Canadian Rockies.

Gainsville, FL: University Press of Florida.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 107

Clark, L. J., and J. G. S. Trelawny. 2002. Lewis Clark’s Field Guide to Wild Flowers of

Field and Slope in the Pacific Northwest. Third edition. Madeira Park, British

Columbia: Harbour.

Clark, L. J., and J. G. S. Trelawny. 2003. Lewis Clark’s Field Guide to Wild Flowers of

Forest and Woodland in the Pacific Northwest. Madeira Park, British Columbia:

Harbour.

Crittenden, M. 1992. Trees of the West. Blaine, WA: Hancock House.

Crittenden, M., and D. W. Telfer. 1992. Wildflowers of the West. Surrey, British

Columbia: Hancock House.

Enari, L. 1956. Plants of the Pacific Northwest: 663 Selected Northwest Wildflowers,

Shrubs, Trees, and Weeds. Portland, OR: Binfords and Mort Publishers.

Ditomaso, J. M., and E. A. Healy. 2003. Aquatic and Riparian Weeds of the West.

Publication 3421. Oakland, CA: University of California Agriculture and Natural

Resources.

Ditomaso, J. M., and E. A. Healy. 2007. Weeds of California and Other Western States,.

University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. Publication 3488.

Volume 1: Aizoaceae-Fabaceae.

Volume 2: Geraniaceae-Zygophyllaceae.

Fagan, D. 2006. Pacific Northwest Wildflowers: A Guide to Common Wildflowers of

Washington, Oregon, Northern California, Western Idaho, Southeast Alaska

and British Columbia. Helena, MT: Morris Book Publishing.

Foxx, T. S. 1984. Flowers of the Southwestern Forests and Woodlands. Los Alamos, NM:

Los Alamos Historical Society.

Gilkey, H. M., and L. D. Johnston. 2001. Handbook of Northwestern Plants. Corvallis,

OR: Oregon State University Press.

Gould, F. W. 1977. Grasses of the Southwestern United States. Tucson, AZ: University of

Arizona Press.

Hermann, F. J. 1970. Manual of the Carices of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado

Basin. Agriculture Handbook No. 374. USDA Forest Service. Washington, DC:

U.S. Government Printing Office.

Hermann, F. J. 1975. Manual of the Rushes (Juncus app.) of the Rocky Mountains and

Colorado Basin. General Technical Report RM-18. Fort Collins, CO: USDA

Forest Service.

Horn, E. L. 1993. Coastal Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest: Wildflowers and

Flowering Shrubs from British Columbia to Northern California. Missoula, MT:

Mountain Press Publishing Company.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 108

Hurd, E. G., N. L. Shaw, J. Mastrogiuseppe, L. C. Smithman, and S. Goodrich. 1994. Field

Guide to Intermountain Rushes. General Technical Report INT-306. Ogden, UT:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research

station. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/24234.

Hurd, E. G., N. L. Shaw, J. Mastrogiuseppe, L. C. Smithman, and S. Goodrich. 1998. Field

Guide to Intermountain Sedges. Technical Report RMRS-GTR-10. Ogden, UT:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research

station. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/6196.

Johnson, C. G. 1998. Common Plants of the Inland Pacific Northwest. Publication R6-

ERW-TP051-93. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region.

Kinucan, E. S., and P. R. Brons. 1991. Wild Wildflowers of the West. Fourth edition. Clark

Fork, ID: Kinucan and Brons.

Leake, D. V. D., J. B. Leake, and M. L. Roeder. 1993. Desert and Mountain Plants of the

Southwest. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

Little, E. L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western

Region. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

McMinn, H. E., and E. Maino. 1980. An Illustrated Manual of Pacific Coast Trees.

Second edition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Niehaus, T. F. 1976. A Field Guide to Pacific States Wildflowers: Field Marks of Species

Found in Washington, Oregon, California, and Adjacent Areas: A Visual

Approach Arranged by Color, Form and Detail. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Niehaus, T. F., and R. T. Peterson. 1997. A Field Guide to Pacific States Wildflowers:

Washington, Oregon, California, and Adjacent Areas. Boston, MA: Houghton

Mifflin.

Petrides, G. A., and O. Petrides. 1998. A Field Guide to Western Trees: Western United

States and Canada. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Petrides, G. A., and O. Petrides. 2005. Trees of the American Southwest. Mechanicsburg,

PA: Stackpole Books.

Petrides, G. A., and O. Petrides 2005. Trees of the Pacific Northwest. Mechanicsburg, PA:

Stackpole Books.

Petrides, G. A., and O. Petrides. 2005. Trees of the Rocky Mountains and Intermountain

West. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.

Pojar, J., and A. MacKinnon. 2004. Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington,

Oregon, British Columbia, and Alaska. Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine

Publishing.

Quinn, M. 2003. Wildflowers of the Mountain Southwest. Tucson, AZ: Rio Nuevo

Publishers.

Rickett, H. W. 1966!1973. Wild Flowers of the United States. Volume 5. The

Northwestern States. New York: McGraw-Hill.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 109

Rickett, H. W. 1966!1973. Wild Flowers of the United States. Volume 6. The Central

Mountains and Plains. New York: McGraw-Hill

Spellenberg, R. 1986. Familiar Flowers of North America: Western Region. New York:

Alfred A. Knopf.

Spellenberg, R. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers,

Western Region. New York: Knopf.

Strickler, D. 1993. Wayside Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest. Columbia Falls, MT:

Flower Press.

Strickler, D. 1997. Northwest Penstemons: 80 Species of Penstemon Native to the Pacific

Northwest. Columbia Falls, MT: Flower Press.

Stuckey, M., and G. Palmer. 1998. Western Trees. Helena, MT: Falcon Press Publishing.

Taylor, R. J. 1990. Northwest Weeds: The Ugly and Beautiful Villains of Fields, Gardens,

and Roadsides. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing.

Taylor, R. J. 1992. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary. Missoula, MT:

Mountain Press Publishing.

Taylor, T. M. C. 1970. Pacific Northwest Ferns and their Allies. Toronto, Ontario:

University of Toronto Press.

Turner, M., and P. Gustafson. 2006. Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest. Portland, OR:

Timber Press.

Underhill, J. E. 1986. Upland Field and Forest Wildflowers. Blaine, WA: Hancock House.

Visalli, D., W. Lockwood, and D. Ditchburn. 2005. Northwest Mountain Wildflowers.

Surrey, British Columbia: Hancock House.

Vines, R. A. 1960. Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of the Southwest. Austin, TX:

University of Texas Press.

Vitt, D. H., J. E. Marsh, and R. B. Bovey. 1988. Mosses, Lichens, and Ferns of Northwest

North America: A Photographic Field Guide. Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine

Publishing.

Whitson, T. D., L. C. Burrill, S. A. Dewey, D. W. Cudney, B. E. Nelson, R. D. Lee, and R.

Parker. 2002. Weeds of the West. Ninth edition. The Western Society of Weed

Scientists in Cooperation with Western U.S. Land Grant Universities Cooperative

Extension Services, and the University of Wyoming. Jackson, WY: Grand Teton

Lithography.

State Field Guides

Allred, K. W. 2005. A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico. Third edition. Las

Cruces, NM: New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station.

Beetle, A. A., and K. L. Johnson. 1982 (repr. 1996). Sagebrush in Wyoming. Bulletin 779.

Laramie, WY: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 110

Beetle, A. A., and M. May. 1971. Grasses of Wyoming. Research Journal 39. Laramie, WY:

Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming.

Booth, W. E. 1972. Grasses of Montana. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University.

Bowers, N., R. Bowers, and S. Tekiela. 2008. Wildflowers of Arizona Field Guide.

Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications.

Burbridge, J. 1989. Wildflowers of the Southern Interior of British Columbia and

Adjacent Parts of Washington, Idaho, and Montana. Vancouver, British

Columbia: University of British Columbia Press.

Carter, J. L. 1997. Trees and Shrubs of New Mexico. Boulder, CO: Mimbres Publishing.

Carter, J. L. 2006. Trees and Shrubs of Colorado. Silver City, NM: Mimbres Publishing.

Carter, J. L. n.d. Gymnosperms of New Mexico. Published by the author.

Coleman, R. A. 1995. The Wild Orchids of California. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University

Press.

Coleman, R. A. 2002. The Wild Orchids of Arizona and New Mexico. Ithaca, NY: Cornell

University Press.

Cooke, S. S. 1997. A Field Guide to Common Wetland Plants of Western Washington and

Northwestern Oregon. Seattle, WA: Seattle Audubon Society.

Crampton, B. 1974. Grasses in California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Dittmer, H. J., E. F. Castetter, and O. M. Clark. 1954. The Ferns and Fern Allies of New

Mexico. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.

Dorn, R. D. 2001. Vascular Plants of Wyoming. Third edition. Denver, CO: Mountain

West Publishing.

Dorn, R. D., and J. L. Dorn. 1984. Vascular Plants of Montana. Denver, CO: Mountain

West Publishing.

Eastman, D. C. 1980. Rare and Endangered Plants of Oregon. Woodburn, OR: Beautiful

America Publishing Company.

Epple, A. O., and L. E. Epple. 1995. A Field Guide to Plants of Arizona. Guilford, CT:

Globe Pequot Press.

Faber, P. M., and R. R. Holland. 1988. Common Riparian Plants of California: A Field

Guide for the Layman. Mill Valley, CA: Pickleweed Press.

Gaines, X. M., and D. G. Swan. 1972. Weeds of Eastern Washington and Adjacent Areas.

Spokane, WA: Camp-Na-Bor-Lee Associates.

Gilkey, H. M., and P. L. Packard. 2001. Winter Twigs: A Wintertime Key to Deciduous

Trees and Shrubs of Northwestern Oregon and Western Washington. Corvallis,

OR: Oregon State University Press.

ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 111

Grillos, S. J. 1966. Ferns and Fern Allies of California. Berkeley, CA: University of

California Press.

Guard, J. B., and J. Christy. 1995. Wetland Plants of Oregon and Washington.

Vancouver, British Columbia: Lone Pine Publishing.

Guennel, G. K. 2004–2005. Guide to Colorado Wildflowers. Englewood, CO: Westcliffe

Publishers.

Volume 1: Plains and Foothills. 2004.

Volume 2: Mountains. 2005.

Hallsten, G. P., Q. D. Skinner, and A. A. Beetle. 1987. Grasses of Wyoming. Laramie, WY:

Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming.

Husby, P., and P. Lesica. 2006. Field Guide to Montana’s Wetland Vascular Plants.

Helena, MT: Montana Wetlands Trust.

Ivey, R. D. 2003. Flowering Plants of New Mexico. Fourth edition. Published by the

author.

Jensen, E. C., and C. R. Ross. 2005. Trees to Know in Oregon. Corvallis, OR: Oregon

State University Extension Service.

Kuhns, M. R. 1998. Trees of Utah and the Intermountain West: A Guide to Identification

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Lannner, R. M. 1999. Conifers of California. Los Olives, CA: Cachuma Press.

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 112

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 113

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 115

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 116

Lackschewitz, K. 1991. Vascular Plants of West-Central Montana: Identification Guide

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1 117

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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

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4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Flora and Field Guide References supporting all U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Wetland Regional Supplements

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

5d. PROJECT NUMBER

5e. TASK NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S)

Robert Lichvar and Lindsey Dixon

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8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT

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U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center

Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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ERDC/CRREL SR-11-1

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13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

14. ABSTRACT

Over the past few years, a series of Regional Supplements to the 1987 U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) Wetland Delineation

Manual have been published, and currently the National Wetland Plant List is being updated. To support these efforts, we generated a

list of floras and field guides for each USACE region—Alaska, Arid West, Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, Caribbean, Eastern Moun-

tains and Piedmont, Great Plains, Midwest, Northcentral and Northeast, Pacific Islands, and Western Mountains, Valleys and Coast. T

Each list includes regional floras, state floras, local floras, regional field guides, state field guides, and local field guides. We also pre-

pared a list of floras and field guides that cover the entire U.S. This list is divided into the following categories: forbs, shrubs, trees,

grasses and sedges, ferns, orchids, cacti and agave, and references and help guides. The flora and field guide lists can serve as tools for

wetland delineation and restoration, assigning of wetland indicator statuses to vegetation species, and other vegetation activities.

15. SUBJECT TERMS

Floras

Field guides

Plants

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