REGULATION (EU) 2018/1806 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 14 November 2018
listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the
external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement
(codification)
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 77(2)(a) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,
After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,
Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure (
1
),
Whereas:
(1) Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 (
2
) has been substantially amended several times (
3
). In the interests of
clarity and rationality, that Regulation should be codified.
(2) This Regulation provides for full harmonisation as regards the third countries whose nationals are subject to
a requirement to be in possession of a visa for the crossing of Member States' external borders (also referred to
herein as ‘the visa requirement’) and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement.
(3) The determination of the third countries whose nationals are subject to, or exempt from, the visa requirement
should be made on the basis of a considered, case-by-case assessment of a variety of criteria. That assessment
should be made periodically and could lead to legislative proposals to amend Annex I to this Regulation, which
lists the third countries whose nationals are required to be in possession of a visa when crossing the external
borders of the Member States, and Annex II to this Regulation, which lists the third countries whose nationals
are exempt from the requirement to be in possession of a visa when crossing the external borders of the
Member States for stays of no more than 90 days in any 180-day period, notwithstanding the possibility of
having country-specific amendments to those Annexes in particular circumstances, for instance as a result of
a visa liberalisation process or as the ultimate consequence of a temporary suspension of the exemption from the
visa requirement (also referred to herein as ‘the visa exemption’).
(4) The composition of the lists of third countries in Annexes I and II should be, and should remain, consistent with
the criteria set out in this Regulation. References to third countries in respect of which the situation has changed
as regards those criteria should be transferred from one Annex to the other.
(5) Developments in international law entailing changes in the status or designation of certain States or entities
should be reflected in Annexes I and II.
(6) As the Agreement on the European Economic Area (
4
) exempts nationals of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway
from the visa requirement, those countries should not be included in the list in Annex II.
(7) Since the Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Swiss
Confederation, of the other part, on the free movement of persons (
5
) provides for free movement without visas
for nationals of Switzerland and of the Member States, Switzerland should not be included in the list in Annex II.
(8) As regards recognised refugees and stateless persons, without prejudice to obligations under international
agreements signed by the Member States and in particular the European Agreement on the Abolition of Visas for
28.11.2018 L 303/39 Official Journal of the European Union
EN
(
1
) Position of the European Parliament of 2 October 2018 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and decision of the Council of
6 November 2018.
(
2
) Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 of 15 March 2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when
crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement (OJ L 81, 21.3.2001, p. 1).
(
3
) See Annex III.
(
4
) OJ L 1, 3.1.1994, p. 3.
(
5
) OJ L 114, 30.4.2002, p. 6.
Refugees of the Council of Europe, signed at Strasbourg on 20 April 1959, the decision as to the visa
requirement or exemption should be based on the third country in which those persons reside and which issued
their travel documents. However, given the differences in the national law applicable to recognised refugees and
to stateless persons, Member States should be able to decide whether those categories of persons should be
exempted, where the third country in which those persons reside and which issued their travel documents is
a third country whose nationals are exempt from the visa requirement.
(9) In accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council (
1
) an
exemption from the visa requirement should be laid down for holders of a local border traffic permit.
(10) It should be possible for Member States to provide for exemptions from the visa requirement for holders of
certain passports other than ordinary passports.
(11) In specific cases where special visa rules are warranted, it should be possible for Member States to exempt certain
categories of persons from the visa requirement or impose it on them in accordance with public international
law or custom.
(12) It should be possible for Member States to exempt from the visa requirement recognised refugees, all stateless
persons, both those covered by the United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
of 28 September 1954 and those outside of the scope of that Convention, and school pupils travelling on school
excursions, where the persons of these categories reside in a third country that is included in the list in Annex II
to this Regulation.
(13) The arrangements governing exemptions from the visa requirement should fully reflect actual practices. Certain
Member States grant exemptions from the visa requirement for nationals of third countries included in the list of
third countries whose nationals are required to be in possession of a visa when crossing the external borders of
the Member States and who are members of the armed forces travelling on North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) or Partnership for Peace business. For reasons of legal certainty, those exemptions, which are based on
international obligations external to Union law, should be referred to in this Regulation.
(14) Full visa reciprocity is an objective which the Union should pursue in a proactive manner in its relations with
third countries, thus contributing to improving the credibility and consistency of the Union's external policy.
(15) Provision should be made for a Union mechanism enabling the principle of reciprocity to be implemented if one
of the third countries included in the list in Annex II decides to make the nationals of one or more Member States
subject to a visa requirement. That mechanism should provide for a Union response as an act of solidarity, if such
a third country applies a visa requirement for nationals of at least one Member State.
(16) Upon receipt of a notification from a Member State that a third country included in the list in Annex II applies
a visa requirement for nationals of that Member State, all Member States should react in common, thus providing
a Union response to a situation which affects the Union as a whole and subjects its citizens to different
treatment.
(17) In order to ensure the appropriate involvement of the European Parliament and of the Council in the second
phase of application of the reciprocity mechanism, given the particularly sensitive political nature of the
suspension of the exemption from the visa requirement for all the nationals of a third country included in the list
in Annex II and its horizontal implications for the Member States, the Schengen associated countries and the
Union itself, in particular for their external relations and for the overall functioning of the Schengen area, the
power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
(TFEU) should be delegated to the Commission in respect of certain elements of the reciprocity mechanism.
Conferring such power on the Commission takes into account the need for political discussion on the Union
policy on visas in the Schengen area. It reflects also the need to ensure sufficient transparency and legal certainty
in the application of the reciprocity mechanism to all the nationals of the third country concerned, in particular
through the corresponding temporary amendment of Annex II to this Regulation. It is of particular importance
that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level,
and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional
Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making (
2
). In particular, to ensure equal participation in the
preparation of delegated acts, the European Parliament and the Council receive all documents at the same time as
Member States' experts, and their experts systematically have access to meetings of Commission expert groups
dealing with the preparation of delegated acts.
28.11.2018 L 303/40 Official Journal of the European Union
EN
(
1
) Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 laying down rules on local border
traffic at the external land borders of the Member States and amending the provisions of the Schengen Convention (OJ L 405,
30.12.2006, p. 1).
(
2
) OJ L 123, 12.5.2016, p. 1.
(18) This Regulation should provide for a mechanism for the temporary suspension of the exemption from the visa
requirement for a third country included in the list in Annex II (‘the suspension mechanism’) in an emergency
situation, where an urgent response is needed in order to solve the difficulties faced by at least one Member State,
and taking the overall impact of the emergency situation on the Union as a whole into account.
(19) In order to ensure the efficient application of the suspension mechanism and of certain provisions of the
reciprocity mechanism, and in particular in order to allow for all relevant factors and the possible implications of
the application of those mechanisms to be adequately taken into account, implementing powers should be
conferred on the Commission with regard to the determination of the categories of nationals of the third country
concerned who should be subject to a temporary suspension of the exemption from the visa requirement within
the framework of the reciprocity mechanism, and of the corresponding duration of that suspension, as well as
with regard to the suspension mechanism. Those powers should be exercised in accordance with Regulation (EU)
No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council (
1
). The examination procedure should be used for
the adoption of such implementing acts.
(20) It is necessary to avoid and counter any abuse resulting from an exemption from the visa requirement for short-
stay visits for nationals of a third country where they pose a threat to the public policy (ordre public) and the
internal security of the Member State concerned.
(21) The suspension mechanism should make it possible for Member States to notify circumstances leading to
a possible suspension and for the Commission to trigger the suspension mechanism on its own initiative.
(22) In particular, the use of the suspension mechanism should be facilitated by short reference periods and deadlines,
allowing for a fast procedure, and the possible grounds of suspension should include a decrease in cooperation
on readmission as well as a substantial increase in risks to the public policy or internal security of
Member States. That decrease in cooperation should cover a substantial increase in the refusal rate of readmission
applications, including for third-country nationals having transited through the third country concerned, where
a readmission agreement concluded between the Union or a Member State and that third country provides for
such a readmission obligation. The Commission should also be able to trigger the suspension mechanism in the
event that the third country fails to cooperate on readmission, in particular where a readmission agreement has
been concluded between the third country concerned and the Union.
(23) For the purposes of the suspension mechanism, a substantial increase indicates an increase exceeding a threshold
of 50 %. It could also indicate a lower increase if the Commission deemed it applicable in the particular case
notified by the Member State concerned.
(24) For the purposes of the suspension mechanism, a low recognition rate indicates a recognition rate of asylum
applications of around 3 or 4 %. It could also indicate a higher recognition rate if the Commission deemed it
applicable in the particular case notified by the Member State concerned.
(25) It is necessary to avoid and counter any abuse of the visa exemption where it leads to an increase in migratory
pressure, resulting from, for example, an increase in unfounded asylum applications, and also when it leads to
unfounded applications for residence permits.
(26) With a view to ensuring that the specific requirements which were used to assess the appropriateness of a visa
exemption, granted as a result of a successful conclusion of a visa liberalisation dialogue, continue to be fulfilled
over time, the Commission should monitor the situation in the third countries concerned. The Commission
should pay particular attention to the situation of human rights in the third countries concerned.
(27) The Commission should report regularly to the European Parliament and to the Council, at least once a year, for
a period of seven years after the entry into force of visa liberalisation for a particular third country, and thereafter
whenever the Commission considers it necessary, or upon request by the European Parliament or by the Council.
(28) The Commission should, before taking any decision to temporarily suspend the visa exemption for nationals of
a third country, take into account the situation of human rights in that third country and the possible
consequences of a suspension of the visa exemption for that situation.
28.11.2018 L 303/41 Official Journal of the European Union
EN
(
1
) Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general
principles concerning mechanisms for control by Member States of the Commission's exercise of implementing powers (OJ L 55,
28.2.2011, p. 13).
(29) The suspension of the exemption from the visa requirement by an implementing act should cover certain
categories of nationals of the third country concerned, by reference to the relevant types of travel documents
and, where appropriate, to additional criteria, such as persons travelling for the first time to the territory of the
Member States. The implementing act should determine the categories of nationals to which the suspension
should apply, taking into account the specific circumstances notified by one or several Member States or reported
by the Commission and the principle of proportionality.
(30) In order to ensure the appropriate involvement of the European Parliament and of the Council in the implemen
tation of the suspension mechanism, given the politically sensitive nature of a suspension of an exemption from
the visa requirement for all nationals of a third country included in the list in Annex II to this Regulation and its
horizontal implications for the Member States and the Union itself, in particular for their external relations and
for the overall functioning of the Schengen area, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU
should be delegated to the Commission in respect of the temporary suspension of the exemption from the visa
requirement for the nationals of the third countries concerned. It is of particular importance that the
Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level, and that
those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement
of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making. In particular, to ensure equal participation in the preparation of
delegated acts, the European Parliament and the Council receive all documents at the same time as Member States'
experts, and their experts systematically have access to meetings of Commission expert groups dealing with the
preparation of delegated acts.
(31) With a view to ensuring that the visa regime is administered openly and that the persons concerned are
informed, Member States should communicate to the Commission and to the other Member States the measures
which they take pursuant to this Regulation. For the same reasons, that information should also be published in
the Official Journal of the European Union.
(32) The conditions governing entry into the territory of the Member States or the issue of visas should not affect the
rules governing the recognition of the validity of travel documents.
(33) In accordance with the principle of proportionality as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union, the
recourse to a Regulation listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing
the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement is both a necessary and an
appropriate means of ensuring that the common policy on visas operates efficiently.
(34) This Regulation should be without prejudice to the application of international agreements concluded by the
European Community before the entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 which give rise to the need to
derogate from the common policy on visas, while taking into account the case-law of the Court of Justice of the
European Union.
(35) As regards Iceland and Norway, this Regulation constitutes a development of the provisions of the Schengen
acquis within the meaning of the Agreement concluded by the Council of the European Union and the Republic
of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway concerning the latters' association with the implementation, application
and development of the Schengen acquis (
1
), which fall within the area referred to in point B of Article 1 of
Council Decision 1999/437/EC (
2
).
(36) As regards Switzerland, this Regulation constitutes a development of the provisions of the Schengen acquis within
the meaning of the Agreement signed between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss
Confederation on the Swiss Confederation's association with the implementation, application and development of
the Schengen acquis (
3
), which fall within the area referred to in points B and C of Article 1 of
Decision 1999/437/EC, read in conjunction with Article 3 of Council Decision 2008/146/EC (
4
).
(37) As regards Liechtenstein, this Regulation constitutes a development of the provisions of the Schengen acquis
within the meaning of the Protocol between the European Union, the European Community, the Swiss Confed
eration and the Principality of Liechtenstein on the accession of the Principality of Liechtenstein to the Agreement
28.11.2018 L 303/42 Official Journal of the European Union
EN
(
1
) OJ L 176, 10.7.1999, p. 36.
(
2
) Council Decision 1999/437/EC of 17 May 1999 on certain arrangements for the application of the Agreement concluded by the Council
of the European Union and the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway concerning the association of those two States with the
implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis (OJ L 176, 10.7.1999, p. 31).
(
3
) OJ L 53, 27.2.2008, p. 52.
(
4
) Council Decision 2008/146/EC of 28 January 2008 on the conclusion, on behalf of the European Community, of the Agreement
between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on the Swiss Confederation's association with the
implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis (OJ L 53, 27.2.2008, p. 1).
between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on the Swiss Confedera
tion's association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis (
1
), which fall
within the area referred to in points B and C of Article 1 of Decision 1999/437/EC, read in conjunction with
Article 3 of Council Decision 2011/350/EU (
2
).
(38) This Regulation constitutes a development of the provisions of the Schengen acquis in which the United Kingdom
does not take part, in accordance with Council Decision 2000/365/EC (
3
); the United Kingdom is therefore not
taking part in the adoption of this Regulation and is not bound by it or subject to its application.
(39) This Regulation constitutes a development of the provisions of the Schengen acquis in which Ireland does not
take part, in accordance with Council Decision 2002/192/EC (
4
); Ireland is therefore not taking part in the
adoption of this Regulation and is not bound by it or subject to its application,
HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article 1
This Regulation determines the third countries whose nationals are subject to, or exempt from, the visa requirement, on
the basis of a case-by-case assessment of a variety of criteria relating, inter alia, to illegal immigration, public policy and
security, economic benefit, in particular in terms of tourism and foreign trade, and the Union's external relations with
the relevant third countries, including, in particular, considerations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well
as the implications of regional coherence and reciprocity.
Article 2
For the purposes of this Regulation, ‘visa’ means a visa as defined in point (a) of Article 2(2) of Regulation (EC)
No 810/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (
5
).
Article 3
1. Nationals of third countries listed in Annex I shall be required to be in possession of a visa when crossing the
external borders of the Member States.
2. Without prejudice to the requirements stemming from the European Agreement on the Abolition of Visas for
Refugees of the Council of Europe signed at Strasbourg on 20 April 1959, recognised refugees and stateless persons
shall be required to be in possession of a visa when crossing the external borders of the Member States if the third
country where they are resident and which has issued them with their travel document is a third country listed in
Annex I to this Regulation.
Article 4
1. Nationals of third countries listed in Annex II shall be exempt from the requirement set out in Article 3(1) for
stays of no more than 90 days in any 180-day period.
2. The following persons shall also be exempt from the visa requirement:
(a) the nationals of third countries listed in Annex I to this Regulation who are holders of a local border traffic permit
issued by the Member States pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 when those holders exercise their right
within the context of the local border traffic regime;
28.11.2018 L 303/43 Official Journal of the European Union
EN
(
1
) OJ L 160, 18.6.2011, p. 21.
(
2
) Council Decision 2011/350/EU of 7 March 2011 on the conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Protocol between the
European Union, the European Community, the Swiss Confederation and the Principality of Liechtenstein on the accession of the
Principality of Liechtenstein to the Agreement between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on
the Swiss Confederation's association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis, relating to the
abolition of checks at internal borders and movement of persons (OJ L 160, 18.6.2011, p. 19).
(
3
) Council Decision 2000/365/EC of 29 May 2000 concerning the request of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to
take part in some of the provisions of the Schengen acquis (OJ L 131, 1.6.2000, p. 43).
(
4
) Council Decision 2002/192/EC of 28 February 2002 concerning Ireland's request to take part in some of the provisions of the Schengen
acquis (OJ L 64, 7.3.2002, p. 20).
(
5
) Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 establishing a Community Code on Visas
(Visa Code) (OJ L 243, 15.9.2009, p. 1).
(b) school pupils who are nationals of a third country listed in Annex I to this Regulation, who reside in
a Member State applying Council Decision 94/795/JHA (
1
) and who are travelling in the context of a school
excursion as members of a group of school pupils accompanied by a teacher from the school in question;
(c) recognised refugees and stateless persons and other persons who do not hold the nationality of any country, who
reside in a Member State and who are holders of a travel document issued by that Member State.
Article 5
Nationals of new third countries formerly part of third countries listed in Annexes I and II shall be subject respectively
to Articles 3 and 4 unless and until the Council decides otherwise under the procedure laid down in the relevant
provision of the TFEU.
Article 6
1. A Member State may provide for exceptions from the visa requirement provided for in Article 3 or from the
exemption from the visa requirement provided for in Article 4 as regards:
(a) holders of diplomatic passports, service/official passports or special passports;
(b) civilian air and sea crew members in the performance of their duties;
(c) civilian sea crew members, when they go ashore, who hold a seafarer's identity document issued in accordance with
the International Labour Organisation Conventions No 108 of 13 May 1958 or No 185 of 19 June 2003 or the In
ternational Maritime Organization Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic of 9 April 1965;
(d) crew and members of emergency or rescue missions in the event of a disaster or an accident;
(e) civilian crew of ships navigating in international inland waters;
(f) holders of travel documents issued by intergovernmental international organisations of which at least one
Member State is a member, or by other entities recognised by the Member State concerned as subjects of internat
ional law, to officials of those organisations or entities.
2. A Member State may exempt from the visa requirement provided for in Article 3:
(a) a school pupil having the nationality of a third country listed in Annex I, who resides in a third country listed in
Annex II or in Switzerland and Liechtenstein and who is travelling in the context of a school excursion as a member
of a group of school pupils accompanied by a teacher from the school in question;
(b) recognised refugees and stateless persons if the third country where they reside and which issued their travel
document is one of the third countries listed in Annex II;
(c) members of the armed forces travelling on NATO or Partnership for Peace business and holders of identification and
movement orders provided for by the Agreement between the Parties to the North Atlantic Treaty regarding the
Status of their Forces of 19 June 1951;
(d) without prejudice to the requirements stemming from the European Agreement on the Abolition of Visas for
Refugees of the Council of Europe signed at Strasbourg on 20 April 1959, recognised refugees and stateless persons
and other persons who do not hold the nationality of any country who reside in the United Kingdom or in Ireland
and are holders of a travel document issued by the United Kingdom or Ireland, which is recognised by the
Member State concerned.
3. A Member State may provide for exceptions from the exemption from the visa requirement provided for in
Article 4 as regards persons carrying out a paid activity during their stay.
Article 7
Where a third country listed in Annex II applies a visa requirement for nationals of at least one Member State, the
following provisions shall apply:
(a) within 30 days of the implementation by the third country of the visa requirement, the Member State concerned
shall notify the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission thereof in writing.
28.11.2018 L 303/44 Official Journal of the European Union
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(
1
) Council Decision 94/795/JHA of 30 November 1994 on a joint action adopted by the Council on the basis of Article K.3.2.b of the
Treaty on European Union concerning travel facilities for school pupils from third countries resident in a Member State (OJ L 327,
19.12.1994, p. 1).
That notification shall:
(i) specify the date of implementation of the visa requirement and the types of travel documents and visas
concerned;
(ii) include a detailed explanation of the preliminary measures that the Member State concerned has taken with
a view to ensuring visa-free travel with the third country in question and all relevant information.
Information relating to that notification shall be published without delay by the Commission in the Official Journal of
the European Union, including information on the date of implementation of the visa requirement and the types of
travel documents and visas concerned.
If the third country decides to lift the visa requirement before the expiry of the deadline referred to in the first
subparagraph of this point, the notification shall not be made or shall be withdrawn and the information shall not
be published;
(b) the Commission shall, immediately following the date of the publication referred to in the third subparagraph of
point (a) and in consultation with the Member State concerned, take steps with the authorities of the third country
in question, in particular in the political, economic and commercial fields, in order to restore or introduce visa-free
travel and shall inform the European Parliament and the Council of those steps without delay;
(c) if within 90 days of the date of the publication referred to in the third subparagraph of point (a) and despite all the
steps taken in accordance with point (b), the third country has not lifted the visa requirement, the Member State
concerned may request the Commission to suspend the exemption from the visa requirement for certain categories
of nationals of that third country. Where a Member State makes such a request, it shall inform the
European Parliament and the Council thereof;
(d) the Commission shall, when considering further steps in accordance with point (e), (f) or (h), take into account the
outcome of the measures taken by the Member State concerned with a view to ensuring visa-free travel with the
third country in question, the steps taken in accordance with point (b), and the consequences of the suspension of
the exemption from the visa requirement for the external relations of the Union and its Member States with the
third country in question;
(e) if the third country concerned has not lifted the visa requirement, the Commission shall, at the latest within six
months of the date of the publication referred to in the third subparagraph of point (a) and subsequently at intervals
not exceeding six months within a total period which may not extend beyond the date on which the delegated act
referred to in point (f) enters into force or is objected to:
(i) adopt, at the request of the Member State concerned or on its own initiative, an implementing act temporarily
suspending the exemption from the visa requirement for certain categories of nationals of the third country
concerned for a period of up to six months. That implementing act shall fix a date, within 90 days of its entry
into force, on which the suspension of the exemption from the visa requirement is to take effect, taking into
account the available resources in the consulates of the Member States. When adopting subsequent
implementing acts, the Commission may extend the period of that suspension by further periods of up to six
months and may modify the categories of nationals of the third country in question for which the exemption
from the visa requirement is suspended.
Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in
Article 11(2). Without prejudice to the application of Article 6, during the periods of suspension all the
categories of nationals of the third country referred to in the implementing act shall be required to be in
possession of a visa when crossing the external borders of the Member States; or
(ii) submit to the committee referred to in Article 11(1) a report assessing the situation and stating the reasons why
it decided not to suspend the exemption from the visa requirement and inform the European Parliament and the
Council thereof.
All relevant factors, such as those referred to in point (d), shall be taken into account in that report. The
European Parliament and the Council may have a political discussion on the basis of that report;
(f) if within 24 months of the date of the publication referred to in the third subparagraph of point (a), the third
country concerned has not lifted the visa requirement, the Commission shall adopt a delegated act in accordance
with Article 10 temporarily suspending the exemption from the visa requirement for a period of 12 months for the
nationals of that third country. The delegated act shall fix a date, within 90 days of its entry into force, on which the
suspension of the exemption from the visa requirement is to take effect, taking into account the available resources
in the consulates of the Member States and shall amend Annex II accordingly. That amendment shall be made by
inserting next to the name of the third country in question a footnote indicating that the exemption from the visa
requirement is suspended with regard to that third country and specifying the period of that suspension.
28.11.2018 L 303/45 Official Journal of the European Union
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From the date when the suspension of the exemption from the visa requirement for the nationals of the third
country concerned takes effect or when an objection to the delegated act is expressed pursuant to Article 10(7), any
implementing act adopted pursuant to point (e) of this Article concerning that third country shall expire. Where the
Commission submits a legislative proposal as referred to in point (h), the period of suspension of the exemption
from the visa requirement referred to in the first subparagraph of this point shall be extended by six months. The
footnote referred to in that subparagraph shall be amended accordingly.
Without prejudice to the application of Article 6, during the periods of that suspension the nationals of the third
country concerned by the delegated act shall be required to be in possession of a visa when crossing the external
borders of the Member States;
(g) any subsequent notification made by another Member State pursuant to point (a) concerning the same third country
during the period of application of measures adopted pursuant to point (e) or (f) with regard to that third country
shall be merged into the ongoing procedures without the deadlines or periods set out in those points being
extended;
(h) if within six months of the entry into force of the delegated act referred to in point (f) the third country in question
has not lifted the visa requirement, the Commission may submit a legislative proposal to amend this Regulation in
order to transfer the reference to the third country from Annex II to Annex I;
(i) the procedures referred to in points (e), (f) and (h) shall not affect the right of the Commission to submit at any time
a legislative proposal to amend this Regulation in order to transfer the reference to the third country concerned
from Annex II to Annex I;
(j) where the third country in question lifts the visa requirement, the Member State concerned shall immediately notify
the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission thereof. The notification shall be published without delay
by the Commission in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Any implementing or delegated act adopted pursuant to point (e) or (f) concerning the third country in question shall
expire seven days after the publication referred to in the first subparagraph of this point. Where the third country in
question has introduced a visa requirement for nationals of two or more Member States, the implementing or delegated
act concerning that third country shall expire seven days after the publication of the notification concerning the last
Member State whose nationals were subject to the visa requirement by that third country. The footnote referred to in the
first subparagraph of point (f) shall be deleted upon expiry of the delegated act concerned. The information concerning
that expiry shall be published without delay by the Commission in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Where the third country in question lifts the visa requirement without the Member State concerned notifying it in
accordance with the first subparagraph of this point, the Commission shall on its own initiative proceed without delay
with the publication referred to in that subparagraph, and the second subparagraph of this point shall apply.
Article 8
1. By way of derogation from Article 4, the exemption from the visa requirement for nationals of a third country
listed in Annex II shall be temporarily suspended, based on relevant and objective data, in accordance with this Article.
2. A Member State may notify the Commission if it is confronted, over a two-month period, compared with the
same period in the preceding year or compared with the last two months prior to the implementation of the exemption
from the visa requirement for nationals of a third country listed in Annex II, with one or more of the following circum
stances:
(a) a substantial increase in the number of nationals of that third country refused entry or found to be staying in the
Member State's territory without a right to do so;
(b) a substantial increase in the number of asylum applications from the nationals of that third country for which the
recognition rate is low;
(c) a decrease in cooperation on readmission with that third country, substantiated by adequate data, in particular
a substantial increase in the refusal rate of readmission applications submitted by the Member State to that third
country for its own nationals or, where a readmission agreement concluded between the Union or that
Member State and that third country so provides, for third-country nationals having transited through that third
country;
(d) an increased risk or imminent threat to the public policy or internal security of Member States, in particular
a substantial increase in serious criminal offences, linked to the nationals of that third country, substantiated by
objective, concrete and relevant information and data provided by the competent authorities.
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The notification referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph shall state the reasons on which it is based and
shall include relevant data and statistics as well as a detailed explanation of the preliminary measures that the
Member State concerned has taken with a view to remedying the situation. In its notification, the Member State
concerned may specify the categories of nationals of the third country concerned which are to be covered by an
implementing act under point (a) of paragraph 6, specifying the detailed reasons for doing so. The Commission shall
inform the European Parliament and the Council immediately of such notification.
3. Where the Commission, taking into account the relevant data, reports and statistics, has concrete and reliable
information that the circumstances referred to in point (a), (b), (c) or (d) of paragraph 2 are occurring in one or more
Member States, or that the third country is not cooperating on readmission, in particular where a readmission
agreement has been concluded between that third country and the Union, the Commission shall inform the
European Parliament and the Council promptly of its analysis, and the provisions of paragraph 6 shall apply.
For the purposes of the first subparagraph, non-cooperation on readmission may consist in, for instance:
— refusing or failing to process readmission applications in due time;
— failing to issue travel documents in due time for the purposes of returning within the deadlines set out in the
readmission agreement or refusing to accept European travel documents issued following the expiry of the deadlines
set out in the readmission agreement; or
— terminating or suspending the readmission agreement.
4. The Commission shall monitor the continuous compliance with the specific requirements, which are based on
Article 1 and which were used to assess the appropriateness of granting visa liberalisation, by the third countries whose
nationals have been exempted from the visa requirement when travelling to the territory of Member States as a result of
the successful conclusion of a visa liberalisation dialogue conducted between the Union and that third country.
In addition, the Commission shall report regularly to the European Parliament and to the Council, at least once a year,
for a period of seven years after the date of entry into force of visa liberalisation for that third country, and thereafter
whenever the Commission considers it to be necessary, or upon request by the European Parliament or by the Council.
The report shall focus on the third countries which the Commission considers, based on concrete and reliable
information, are no longer complying with certain requirements.
Paragraph 6 shall apply where a report of the Commission shows that one or more of the specific requirements is no
longer complied with as regards a particular third country.
5. The Commission shall examine any notification made pursuant to paragraph 2, taking the following into account:
(a) whether any of the circumstances referred to in paragraph 2 exist;
(b) the number of Member States affected by any of the circumstances referred to in paragraph 2;
(c) the overall impact of the circumstances referred to in paragraph 2 on the migratory situation in the Union as it
appears from the data provided by the Member States or available to the Commission;
(d) the reports prepared by the European Border and Coast Guard, the European Asylum Support Office or the
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) or any other institution, body, office or agency
of the Union or international organisation competent in matters covered by this Regulation, if the circumstances so
require in the specific case;
(e) the information which the Member State concerned may have given in its notification in relation to possible
measures under point (a) of paragraph 6;
(f) the overall question of public policy and internal security, in consultation with the Member State concerned.
The Commission shall inform the European Parliament and the Council of the results of its examination.
6. Where, on the basis of the analysis referred to in paragraph 3, the report referred to in paragraph 4, or the
examination referred to in paragraph 5, and taking into account the consequences of a suspension of the exemption
from the visa requirement for the external relations of the Union and its Member States with the third country
concerned, while working in close cooperation with that third country to find alternative long-term solutions, the
Commission decides that action is needed, or where a simple majority of Member States have notified the Commission
of the existence of circumstances referred to in point (a), (b), (c) or (d) of paragraph 2, the following provisions shall
apply:
(a) the Commission shall adopt an implementing act temporarily suspending the exemption from the visa requirement
for the nationals of the third country concerned for a period of nine months. The suspension shall apply to certain
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categories of nationals of the third country concerned, by reference to the relevant types of travel documents and,
where appropriate, to additional criteria. When deciding to which categories the suspension is to apply, the
Commission shall, based on the information available, include categories that are broad enough in order to
efficiently contribute to remedying the circumstances referred to in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 in each specific case,
while respecting the principle of proportionality. The Commission shall adopt the implementing act within one
month of:
(i) receiving the notification referred to in paragraph 2;
(ii) being made aware of the information referred to in paragraph 3;
(iii) presenting the report referred to in paragraph 4; or
(iv) receiving the notification from a simple majority of Member States of the existence of circumstances referred to
in point (a), (b), (c) or (d) of paragraph 2.
That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 11(2). It
shall fix the date on which the suspension of the exemption from the visa requirement is to take effect.
During the period of suspension, the Commission shall establish an enhanced dialogue with the third country
concerned with a view to remedying the circumstances in question.
(b) Where the circumstances referred to in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of this Article persist, the Commission shall adopt, at
the latest two months before the expiry of the nine-month period referred to in point (a) of this paragraph,
a delegated act in accordance with Article 10, temporarily suspending the application of Annex II for a period of
18 months for all nationals of the third country concerned. The delegated act shall take effect from the date of
expiry of the implementing act referred to in point (a) of this paragraph and shall amend Annex II accordingly. That
amendment shall be made by inserting a footnote next to the name of the third country in question, indicating that
the exemption from the visa requirement is suspended with regard to that third country and specifying the period of
that suspension.
Where the Commission has submitted a legislative proposal pursuant to paragraph 7, the period of suspension of the
exemption from the visa requirement provided for in the delegated act shall be extended by six months. The footnote
shall be amended accordingly.
Without prejudice to the application of Article 6, during the period of suspension, the nationals of the third country
concerned shall be required to be in possession of a visa when crossing the external borders of the Member States.
A Member State which, in accordance with Article 6, provides for new exemptions from the visa requirement for
a category of nationals of the third country covered by the act suspending the exemption from the visa requirement
shall communicate those measures in accordance with Article 12.
7. Before the end of the period of validity of the delegated act adopted pursuant to point (b) of paragraph 6, the
Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council. The report may be accompanied by
a legislative proposal to amend this Regulation in order to transfer the reference to the third country concerned from
Annex II to Annex I.
8. Where the Commission has submitted a legislative proposal pursuant to paragraph 7, it may extend the validity of
the implementing act adopted pursuant to point (a) of paragraph 6 of this Article by a period not exceeding
12 months. The decision to extend the validity of the implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the
examination procedure referred to in Article 11(2).
Article 9
1. By 10 January 2018, the Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council
assessing the effectiveness of the reciprocity mechanism provided for in Article 7 and shall, if necessary, submit
a legislative proposal to amend this Regulation. The European Parliament and the Council shall act on any such proposal
in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure.
2. By 29 March 2021, the Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council assessing
the effectiveness of the suspension mechanism provided for in Article 8 and shall, if necessary, submit a legislative
proposal to amend this Regulation. The European Parliament and the Council shall act on any such proposal in
accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure.
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Article 10
1. The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this
Article.
2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in point (f) of Article 7 shall be conferred on the Commission for
a period of five years from 9 January 2014. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of
power not later than nine months before the end of the five-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly
extended for periods of an identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not
later than three months before the end of each period.
3. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in point (b) of Article 8(6) shall be conferred on the Commission for
a period of five years from 28 March 2017. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of
power not later than nine months before the end of the five-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly
extended for periods of an identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not
later than three months before the end of each period.
4. The delegation of power referred to in point (f) of Article 7 and in point (b) of Article 8(6) may be revoked at any
time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power
specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the
European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.
5. Before adopting a delegated act, the Commission shall consult experts designated by each Member State in
accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making.
6. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and
to the Council.
7. A delegated act adopted pursuant to point (f) of Article 7 shall enter into force only if no objection has been
expressed either by the European Parliament or the Council within a period of four months of notification of that act to
the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the
Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at
the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.
8. A delegated act adopted pursuant to point (b) of Article 8(6) shall enter into force only if no objection has been
expressed either by the European Parliament or by the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act
to the European Parliament and to the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the
Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object.
Article 11
1. The Commission shall be assisted by a committee. That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of
Regulation (EU) No 182/2011.
2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.
3. Where the committee delivers no opinion, the Commission shall not adopt the draft implementing act and the
third subparagraph of Article 5(4) of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.
Article 12
1. Member States shall communicate to the other Member States and the Commission the measures they take
pursuant to Article 6, within five working days of the adoption of those measures.
2. The Commission shall publish the measures communicated pursuant to paragraph 1 in the Official Journal of the
European Union for information.
Article 13
This Regulation shall not affect the competence of Member States with regard to the recognition of States and territorial
units and passports, travel and identity documents issued by their authorities.
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Article 14
Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 is repealed.
References to the repealed Regulation shall be construed as references to this Regulation and shall be read in accordance
with the correlation table in Annex IV.
Article 15
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the
European Union.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in the Member States in
accordance with the Treaties.
Done at Strasbourg, 14 November 2018.
For the European Parliament
The President
A. TAJANI
For the Council
The President
K. EDTSTADLER
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ANNEX I
LIST OF THIRD COUNTRIES WHOSE NATIONALS ARE REQUIRED TO BE IN POSSESSION OF A VISA
WHEN CROSSING THE EXTERNAL BORDERS OF THE MEMBER STATES
1. STATES
Afghanistan
Armenia
Angola
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Burkina Faso
Bahrain
Burundi
Benin
Bolivia
Bhutan
Botswana
Belarus
Belize
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Central African Republic
Congo
Côte d'Ivoire
Cameroon
China
Cuba
Cape Verde
Djibouti
Dominican Republic
Algeria
Ecuador
Egypt
Eritrea
Eswatini
Ethiopia
Fiji
Gabon
Ghana
The Gambia
Guinea
Equatorial Guinea
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Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Indonesia
India
Iraq
Iran
Jamaica
Jordan
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Cambodia
Comoros
North Korea
Kuwait
Kazakhstan
Laos
Lebanon
Sri Lanka
Liberia
Lesotho
Libya
Morocco
Madagascar
Mali
Myanmar/Burma
Mongolia
Mauritania
Maldives
Malawi
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Nepal
Oman
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Pakistan
Qatar
Russia
Rwanda
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Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Sierra Leone
Senegal
Somalia
Suriname
South Sudan
São Tomé and Príncipe
Syria
Chad
Togo
Thailand
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Tunisia
Turkey
Tanzania
Uganda
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Yemen
South Africa
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2.
ENTITIES AND TERRITORIAL AUTHORITIES THAT ARE NOT RECOGNISED AS STATES BY AT LEAST ONE MEMBER STATE
— Kosovo as defined by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 of 10 June 1999
— The Palestinian Authority
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ANNEX II
LIST OF THIRD COUNTRIES WHOSE NATIONALS ARE EXEMPT FROM THE REQUIREMENT TO BE IN
POSSESSION OF A VISA WHEN CROSSING THE EXTERNAL BORDERS OF THE MEMBER STATES FOR
STAYS OF NO MORE THAN 90 DAYS IN ANY 180-DAY PERIOD
1. STATES
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (
1
)
Andorra
United Arab Emirates (
2
)
Antigua and Barbuda
Albania (
1
)
Argentina
Australia
Bosnia and Herzegovina (
1
)
Barbados
Brunei
Brazil
Bahamas
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominica (
2
)
Micronesia (
2
)
Grenada (
2
)
Georgia (
3
)
Guatemala
Honduras
Israel
Japan
Kiribati (
2
)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
South Korea
Saint Lucia (
2
)
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(
1
) The exemption from the visa requirement shall only apply to holders of biometric passports.
(
2
) The exemption from the visa requirement shall apply from the date of entry into force of an agreement on visa exemption to be
concluded with the European Union.
(
3
) The exemption from the visa requirement shall be limited to the holders of biometric passports issued by Georgia in line with standards
of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).
Monaco
Moldova (
1
)
Montenegro (
2
)
Marshall Islands (
3
)
Mauritius
Mexico
Malaysia
Nicaragua
Nauru (
3
)
New Zealand
Panama
Peru (
3
)
Palau (
3
)
Paraguay
Serbia (excluding holders of Serbian passports issued by the Serbian Coordination Directorate (in Serbian: Koordi
naciona uprava)) (
2
)
Solomon Islands
Seychelles
Singapore
San Marino
El Salvador
Timor-Leste (
3
)
Tonga (
3
)
Trinidad and Tobago
Tuvalu (
3
)
Ukraine (
4
)
United States
Uruguay
Holy See
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (
3
)
Venezuela
Vanuatu (
3
)
Samoa
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(
1
) The exemption from the visa requirement shall be limited to the holders of biometric passports issued by Moldova in line with standards
of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).
(
2
) The exemption from the visa requirement shall only apply to holders of biometric passports.
(
3
) The exemption from the visa requirement shall apply from the date of entry into force of an agreement on visa exemption to be
concluded with the European Union.
(
4
) The exemption from the visa requirement shall be limited to the holders of biometric passports issued by Ukraine in line with standards
of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).
2. SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Hong Kong SAR (
1
)
Macao SAR (
2
)
3.
BRITISH CITIZENS WHO ARE NOT NATIONALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
FOR THE PURPOSES OF UNION LAW
British nationals (Overseas)
British overseas territories citizens (BOTC)
British overseas citizens (BOC)
British protected persons (BPP)
British subjects (BS)
4.
ENTITIES AND TERRITORIAL AUTHORITIES THAT ARE NOT RECOGNISED AS STATES BY AT LEAST ONE MEMBER STATE
Taiwan (
3
)
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(
1
) The exemption from the visa requirement shall only apply to holders of a ‘Hong Kong Special Administrative Region’ passport.
(
2
) The exemption from the visa requirement shall only apply to holders of a ‘Região Administrativa Especial de Macau’ passport.
(
3
) The exemption from the visa requirement shall only apply to holders of passports issued by Taiwan which include an identity card
number.
ANNEX III
REPEALED REGULATION WITH LIST OF ITS SUCCESSIVE AMENDMENTS
Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001
(OJ L 81, 21.3.2001, p. 1)
Council Regulation (EC) No 2414/2001
(OJ L 327, 12.12.2001, p. 1)
Council Regulation (EC) No 453/2003
(OJ L 69, 13.3.2003, p. 10)
Act of Accession of 2003, Annex II, point 18(B)
Council Regulation (EC) No 851/2005
(OJ L 141, 4.6.2005, p. 3)
Council Regulation (EC) No 1791/2006
(OJ L 363, 20.12.2006, p. 1)
Only the eleventh indent of Article 1(1) as
regards Regulation (EC) No 539/2001, and
point 11(B)(3) of the Annex
Council Regulation (EC) No 1932/2006
(OJ L 405, 30.12.2006, p. 23)
Council Regulation (EC) No 1244/2009
(OJ L 336, 18.12.2009, p. 1)
Regulation (EU) No 1091/2010 of the European Parliament and
of the Council
(OJ L 329, 14.12.2010, p. 1)
Regulation (EU) No 1211/2010 of the European Parliament and
of the Council
(OJ L 339, 22.12.2010, p. 6)
Council Regulation (EU) No 517/2013
(OJ L 158, 10.6.2013, p. 1)
Only the fourth indent of Article 1(1)(k) and
point 13(B)(2) of the Annex
Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 of the European Parliament and of
the Council
(OJ L 182, 29.6.2013, p. 1)
Only Article 4
Regulation (EU) No 1289/2013 of the European Parliament and
of the Council
(OJ L 347, 20.12.2013, p. 74)
Regulation (EU) No 259/2014 of the European Parliament and of
the Council
(OJ L 105, 8.4.2014, p. 9)
Regulation (EU) No 509/2014 of the European Parliament and of
the Council
(OJ L 149, 20.5.2014, p. 67)
Regulation (EU) 2017/371 of the European Parliament and of the
Council
(OJ L 61, 8.3.2017, p. 1)
Regulation (EU) 2017/372 of the European Parliament and of the
Council
(OJ L 61, 8.3.2017, p. 7)
Regulation (EU) 2017/850 of the European Parliament and of the
Council
(OJ L 133, 22.5.2017, p. 1)
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ANNEX IV
CORRELATION TABLE
Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 This Regulation
Article -1 Article 1
Article 1(1), first subparagraph Article 3(1)
Article 1(1), second subparagraph Article 3(2)
Article 1(2), first subparagraph Article 4(1)
Article 1(2), second subparagraph, introductory wording Article 4(2), introductory wording
Article 1(2), second subparagraph, first indent Article 4(2)(a)
Article 1(2), second subparagraph, second indent Article 4(2)(b)
Article 1(2), second subparagraph, third indent Article 4(2)(c)
Article 1(3) Article 5
Article 1(4) Article 7
Article 1a(1) and (2) Article 8(1) and (2)
Article 1a(2a) Article 8(3)
Article 1a(2b) Article 8(4)
Article 1a(3) Article 8(5)
Article 1a(4) Article 8(6)
Article 1a(5) Article 8(7)
Article 1a(6) Article 8(8)
Article 1b Article 9(1)
Article 1c Article 9(2)
Article 2 Article 2
Article 4 Article 6
Article 4a Article 11
Article 4b(1) and (2) Article 10(1) and (2)
Article 4b(2a) Article 10(3)
Article 4b(3) Article 10(4)
Article 4b(3a) Article 10(5)
Article 4b(4) Article 10(6)
Article 4b(5) Article 10(7)
Article 4b(6) Article 10(8)
Article 5 Article 12
Article 6 Article 13
Article 7 Article 14
Article 8 Article 15
Annex I Annex I
Annex II Annex II
— Annex III
— Annex IV
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